Schizophrenia is one of the most disabling and difficult to treat of all human medical/health conditions, ranking in the top ten causes of disability worldwide. It has been a puzzle in part due to difficulty in identifying its basic, fundamental components. Several studies have shown that some manifestations of schizophrenia (e.g., the negative symptoms that include blunting of speech prosody, ...

Philosophers of language have lavished attention on names and other singular referring expressions. But they have focused primarily on what might be called lexical-semantic character of names and have largely ignored both what I call the lexical-syntactic character of names and also what I call the pragmatic significance of the naming relation. Partly as a consequence, explanatory burdens have ...

This paper attempts to provide a new analysis of multiple wh-fragments, the socalled ‘multiple sluicing’, in English. Against previous approaches which resort to a reconstruction/deletion account or a gapping analysis, the proposed analysis captures multiple wh-fragments without positing a copy-deletion mechanism. In fact, multiple whfragments are viewed as a root clause whose interpretation is...

This study examines communication characteristics and specific language deficits in 47 children and adolescents diagnosed with early-onset schizophrenia using DSM-III-R criteria. All had been referred for speech and language services because of apparent communication problems. Standardized tests and formal measures were used to identify impairment in discrete areas of communication, including p...

interested in the biology and evolution of human language should read it. Although serious, it is entertainingly written and short enough to fi t into two evenings of reading. ScottPhillips deftly reveals some of the misconceptions that keep us from seeing the central importance of ostensive and inferential processes, and helps steer the reader to understand the cognitive complexity of these ab...

â â€œshodan” is a multifunctional verb in persian language. this paper deals with six different functions of “shodan” based on a purely formal approach. these functions are as follows: liking verb, light verb in some compound predicates, auxiliary verb, helping verb in passive voice, modal verb, and simple verb. the interface between lexicon and syntax, and the ways to show this relations...

This article presents an overview of the notion of layering in three types of structuralfunctional grammars. Layering is interpreted in a broad sense to refer to two types of linguistic differentiations: (1) on the one hand, a distinction between levels of coding, namely, syntax/grammar, semantics, pragmatics; (2) on the other hand, a differentiation between speaker-related vs. content-related ...

This paper addresses one of the fundamental problems of the philosophy of information: How does semantic information emerge within the underlying dynamics of the world? dynamical semantic information problem. It suggests that the canonical approach to semantic information that de nes data before meaning and meaning before use is inadequate for pre-cognitive information media. Instead, we should...