Objectives: To automatically extend downwards an existing biomedical terminology using a corpus and both lexical and terminological knowledge. Methods: Adjectival modifiers are removed from terms extracted from the corpus (three million noun phrases extracted from MEDLINE), and demodified terms are searched for in the terminology (UMLS Metathesaurus, restricted to disorders and procedures). A p...

The logic-based machine-understandable framework of the Semantic Web often challenges naive users when they try to query ontology-based knowledge bases. Existing research efforts have approached this problem by introducing Natural Language (NL) interfaces to ontologies. These NL interfaces have the ability to construct SPARQL queries based on NL user queries. However, most efforts were restrict...

The significance of error analysis for the learner, the teacher and the researcher is now widely recognized. Earlier studies of error analysis concentrated on intersystematic comparison of the “native language” and the “target language” and drew the required data largely from intuitions and impressionistic observations. This study was conducted on the basis of the following observations: (1) to...

Natural language processing for biomedical text currently focuses mostly on entity and relation extraction. These entities and relations are usually pre-specified entities, e.g., proteins, and pre-specified relations, e.g., inhibit relations. A shallow parser that captures the relations between noun phrases automatically from free text has been developed and evaluated. It uses heuristics and a ...

Metaphor is one of the most studied and widespread figures of speech and an essential element of individual style. In this paper we look at metaphor identification in Adjective-Noun pairs. We show that using a single neural network combined with pre-trained vector embeddings can outperform the state of the art in terms of accuracy. In specific, the approach presented in this paper is based on t...

Despite growing evidence of young adults neurally pre-activating word features during sentence comprehension, less clear is the degree to which this generalizes to older adults. Using ERPs, we tested for linguistic prediction in younger and older readers by means of indefinite articles (a's and an's) preceding more and less probable noun continuations. Although both groups exhibited cloze proba...

Since finishing electronic computers ETLMark III and IV last fall, we have been working on the English-to-Japanese electronic translator and reader for English, and we have just completed pilot models of both machines. With these machines, sentences typewritten in English are automatically translated into Japanese. The machine is instructed to translate English into Japanese in the following ma...

Everyone thinks they know what “cardiac hypertrophy” is: a reactive increase in cardiac size/myocardial mass in response to hemodynamic stress that, in humans, predisposes to early death.1 Yet, the term “hypertrophy” has become one of the most misused and inaccurate terms in the cardiovascular basic science literature because of its nonspecificity and, as typically used, lack of mechanistic imp...

Since finishing electronic computers ETLMark III and IV last fall, we have been working on the English-to-Japanese electronic translator and reader for English, and we have just completed pilot models of both machines. With these machines, sentences typewritten in English are automatically translated into Japanese. The machine is instructed to translate English into Japanese in the following ma...

In this paper we consider the morphosyntax of so-called prepositions (PrePs) in 4 Amharic. It is typologically anomalous that Amharic should have prepositions, since it is otherwise 5 a fairly canonical head-final language. Instead, we argue that the PrePs are really morphological 6 prefixes that express the oblique case assigned to NP by a postposition (null or overt). What is 7 somewhat unusu...