The sleeper effect in persuasion is a delayed increase in the impact of a message that is accompanied by a discounting cue. Despite a long history, the sleeper effect has been notoriously difficult to obtain or to replicate, with the exception of a pair of studies by Gruder et al. (1978). We conducted a series of 16 computer-controlled experiments and a replication of the Gruder et al. study to...

AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in pain and distress response of the child when using two different computer-controlled local analgesic delivery systems, the Sleeper One(®) and the WAND(®), and whether this was influenced by the anxiety level of the child. METHODS This randomised controlled trial was conducted among 112 children (56 girls) aged 4...

Currently there is not a direct procedure for the design of this bridge system, still based on trial and error, are no studies that give us both optimum number beams other characteristics such as correct thickness slab or its adequate strength. Keeping in mind concept optimization, which supports idea sustainability environmentally friendly structures, we apply to pre-stressed concrete girder b...

ABSTRACT The majority of concrete buildings in the regions of high seismicity in Iran do not meet seismic code requirement, and many of these buildings are vulnerable in severe earthquakes. Concerns for seismic strengthening of concrete grew considerably in the recent years, and has been accelerated since the Bam earthquake 2004. This paper presents the results of experimental and analytical st...

Pre-stressed piezoelectric laminates, consisting of one or more metal layers and a piezoelectric material bonded together with an adhesive, have been widely studied over the past few years, both numerically and experimentally. Most of the current research has concentrated on the effect of the metal layers, types and geometry, along with variations in the active layer of the laminate. Historical...