Abstract The aim of this work is to analyse and compare different methodologies fill gaps in early precipitation series, evaluate which time resolution reachable, i.e. monthly or daily one. following methods are applied tested the 1764–1767 gap series Padua: (1) using a relationship between amounts frequencies; (2) transforming log with visual observations into numerical values through analysis...

The probable maximum precipitation (PMP) is the greatest depth of precipitation for a given duration that is physically possible over a given size storm area at a particular geographical location at a certain time of the year. In this study a physically based method was compared with a statistical procedure to calculate PMP in the southwest arid regions of Iran. In order to estimate PMP using a...

Climatic parameters in time and space scales of change are for many reasons of Changes and how they should be based on observations using a statistical method to be determined. Analysis of the most widely used statistical methods that assess potential climate change on hydrological time series, such series of precipitation, temperature and flow rate used. This study of 11 synoptic,rain gage and...

Climatic parameters in time and space scales of change are for many reasons of Changes and how they should be based on observations using a statistical method to be determined. Analysis of the most widely used statistical methods that assess potential climate change on hydrological time series, such series of precipitation, temperature and flow rate used. This study of 11 synoptic,rain gage and...

Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) waste contains 50-60% Zn. EAF synthesis has the potential to produce ZnO, which can be used in a variety of applications. The hydrothermal method is synthesis, with time variations 3 and 6 hours temperature 120 °C, 150 °C 200 using precipitating reagents form sodium hydroxide (NaOH) oxalic acid (C2H2O4). UV-Vis spectrophotometer characterization result shows absorbanc...

Past attempts to assimilate precipitation by nudging or variational methods have succeeded 1 in forcing the model precipitation to be close to the observed values. However, the model 2 forecasts tend to lose their additional skill after few forecast hours. In this study, a local 3 ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) is used to effectively assimilate precipitation by 4 allowing ensemble mem...