This article develops a theory of messes, defined as disorderly accumulations of varied entities. More specifically, it examines disorder caused by individual, or collective human agents, in hierarchically-ordered and complex systems – systems composed of sub-systems that, in turn, have their own subsystems, and so on. Such hierarchical-complex systems include filing systems (filing cabinet, dr...

The recently published paper entitled ‘Obesity management in Europe: current status and objectives for the future’ (Obes Facts 2016; 9: 273–283) summarizes the results of a survey on obesity management conducted in 23 member countries of the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) [1] . The team of authors includes experts both in obesity management and in obesity prevention and em...

May we be protected by Allah the Almighty from self-aggrandisement (ta‘ẓīmun al-dhāti تعظيم الذات), self-delusion (wahmun al-dhātiوهم الذات ) and vanity (ghurūr غرور). Our resolve is to always on Path of Divine instead Shaitan. 1. SHIP: Sacrifice (prioritising commitments), Humility (humbling experiences), Intention (solely for Allah), Passion (from heart). 2. FIMA: Immediate involvement in int...