The salt damage provoked by crystallization pressure due to growth inside a porous material requires certain supersaturation of the pore solution. itineraries build it are here revisited at one scale, through experiments allowing direct observations multistep processes as well visualization itself. We present phase transitions within silica micro-capillaries filled with Na-SO4 aqueous solution ...

Membrane technology is commonly used within food, bio- and pharmaceutical processes. Beside single-stage membranes, multi-stage membrane systems are become more popular to improve separation performance. In this review, we present a unified four-phase model-based optimization framework optimize these systems, using mechanistic models, empirical models including machine learning or combination o...