This paper demonstrates how a probabilistic criterion based on the full capacity outage probability distribution (e.g., LOLP) could be integrated into the unit commitment (UC) optimization using simple statistical approximation. While this provides a direct and computationally cheaper means as compared to a recently published approach to locating the globally optimal SR allocation (and associat...

as renewable energy increasingly penetrates into power grid systems, new challenges arise for system operators to keep the systems reliable under uncertain circumstances, while ensuring high utilization of renewable energy. this paper presents unit commitment (uc) which takes into account the volatility of wind power generation. the uc problem is solved with the forecasted intermittent wind pow...

This paper uses an adapted version of the linear tracing procedure, suggested by Harsanyi and Selten (1988), in order to discriminate between two types of multiple Nash equilibria. Equilibria of the same type are pay-off equivalent in the analysed multiple-unit unit price auction where two sellers compete in order to serve a fixed demand. The equilibria where the firm with the larger capacity b...

Due to the complexity and variability of capital construction sites, real-time monitoring remains an elusive goal. As unit price continues to fall, camera networks are becoming increasingly viable sensing modalities. The benefits of combining multiple, overlapping image sources include the ability to produce 3D scene reconstruction as well as localize and track objects. In the construction doma...

In recent years, aiming to reduce the Greenhouse Gas pollution and promote energy efficiency and conservation among consumers’ energy use, price policies and price changes derived from environmental regulations have played a more important role. In this paper, using the most recent annual state-level panel data for 48 states, I estimate a dynamic partial adjustment model for electricity demand ...

1 Peter Cramton is Professor of Economics at the University of Maryland and an expert on market design; Axel Ockenfels is Professor of Economics at the University of Cologne and Director of the Cologne Laboratory of Economic Research. Ockenfels thanks the German Science Foundation for support through the Leibniz program and the research unit “Design & Behavior” (FOR 1371). Steven Stoft consults...

GPS is a public-key zero-knowledge protocol, which provides unilateral authentication and offers a rather large design space of possible implementation variants compared to other authentication schemes. Due to its flexibility it has been suggested for use in passive RFID tags, challenging the doctrine that public-key cryptography is too complex for passive devices. In its smallest configuration...

Price is a major motive that engages consumers in shopping websites, and although price tolerance has gained increasing attention for its importance on pricing strategy, related literature on e-commerce lacks a conceptual model probing into factors that influence customers’ price tolerance. This paper proposes an integrated conceptual model, and empirically tests the model using data collected ...

Rats and mice were studied for changes in meal-taking structure in a closed operant food economy, in which the consummatory or unit prices for food were increased. In experiment 1, as food price increased, male rats modestly decreased the number of meals per day and increased mean meal size. Female rats were similar to males but had smaller meal size and, at low costs, took more meals per day. ...

Evaluation of ecosystem services has become a hotspot in terms of research focus, but uncertainties over appropriate methods remain. Evaluation can be based on the unit price of services (services value method) or the unit price of the area (area value method). The former takes meteorological factors into account, while the latter does not. This study uses Kunyu Mountain Nature Reserve as a stu...