Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation), which can be primary or secondary, is a common gynecological problem. Primary dysmenorrhea (normal gynecological finding) is caused by increased production of uterine prostaglandins. Namely, under the influence of hormonal changes and vegetative factors at the end of a menstrual cycle, in numerous girls and women with a normal gynecological finding, vasocons...

Article type: Original article Background & aim: Primary dysmenorrhea can be relieved via some medical and nonmedical approaches. In this regard, the probable therapeutic role of zinc supplements has been recently emphasized. The present study was conducted to determine the positive effects of zinc supplements on relieving primary dysmenorrhea and premenstrual symptoms. Methods: The present dou...

Background and aim: Melissa officinalis was traditionally used for pain relief and treatment of some diseases. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of mefenamic acid and Melissa officinalis (Melissa) on pain management in primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: In this clinical trial, fortythree eligible women with moderate to severe primary dysmenorrhea were randomly allocated into the Meliss...

BACKGROUND Menstrual pain can be alleviated after childbirth. The purpose of this observational study was to evaluate the natural progression of menstrual pain among nulliparous women at their reproductive age. METHODS A questionnaire-based study of perimenopausal women with a history of primary dysmenorrhea was performed. The study subjects were recruited between July 1, 2001 and June 30, 20...

The purpose of this study was to assess the beneficial effects of using a far-infrared (FIR) belt on the management of patients with primary dysmenorrhea. This is the first study to determine the efficacy of somatothermal FIR using a parallel-arm randomized sham-controlled and double-blinded design with objective physical evidence and psychometric self-reports. Fifty-one Taiwanese women with pr...

Primary dysmenorrhea is characterised by menstrual pain that does not have a known aetiology. Dysmenorrhea can interfere with daily activities and negative impact on woman's quality of life. Increased prostanoids, particularly prostaglandins, produced the cyclooxygenase pathway are likely cause pathophysiology primary dysmenorrhea. Anaerobic metabolites as result elevated which also generate ut...

Primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain that found without significant abnormalities of the genital organs, influencing factors are age menarche, length menstruation, exercise habits and family history. The purpose this study was to determine relationship between at history with incidence primary dysminorhea in high school students Pembina Palembang. research method uses an analytical survey a c...

Baker, Fiona C., Helen S. Driver, Geoffrey G. Rogers, Janice Paiker, and Duncan Mitchell. High nocturnal body temperatures and disturbed sleep in women with primary dysmenorrhea. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Endocrinol. Metab. 40): E1013–E1021, 1999.—Primary dysmenorrhea is characterized by painful uterine cramps, near and during menstruation, that have an impact on personal life and productivity. The ...