A 3-equitable prime cordial labeling of a graph G with vertex set V is a bijection f from V to {1, 2, ..., |V |} such that if an edge uv is assigned the label 1 if gcd(f(u), f(v)) = 1 and gcd(f(u) + f(v), f(u)−f(v)) = 1, the label 2 if gcd(f(u), f(v)) = 1 and gcd(f(u) + f(v), f(u)− f(v)) = 2 and 0 otherwise, then the number of edges labeled with i and the number of edges labeled with j differ b...

Let N be a near-ring. In this paper, we associate a graph corresponding to the 3-prime radical I of N , denoted by ΓI(N). Further we obtain certain topological properties of Spec(N), the spectrum of 3-prime ideals of N and graph theoretic properties of ΓI(N). Using these properties, we discuss dominating sets and connected dominating sets of ΓI(N).

It is shown that every connected vertex-transitive graph of order 4p, where p is a prime, is hamiltonian with the exception of the Coxeter graph which is known to possess a Hamilton path. In 1969, Lovász [22] asked if every finite, connected vertex-transitive graph has a Hamilton path, that is, a path going through all vertices of the graph. With the exception of K 2 , only four connected verte...

A graph is vertex-transitive if its automorphism group acts transitively on its vertices. A vertex-transitive graph is a Cayley graph if its automorphism group contains a subgroup acting regularly on its vertices. In this paper, the cubic vertextransitive non-Cayley graphs of order 8p are classified for each prime p. It follows from this classification that there are two sporadic and two infini...

Given a non-abelian finite group G, let π(G) denote the set of prime divisors of the order of G and denote by Z(G) the center of G. The prime graph of G is the graph with vertex set π(G) where two distinct primes p and q are joined by an edge if and only if G contains an element of order pq and the non-commuting graph of G is the graph with the vertex set G−Z(G) where two non-central elements x...

let $k$ be a positive integer. a subset $s$ of $v(g)$ in a graph $g$ is a $k$-tuple total dominating set of $g$ if every vertex of $g$ has at least $k$ neighbors in $s$. the $k$-tuple total domination number $gamma _{times k,t}(g)$ of $g$ is the minimum cardinality of a $k$-tuple total dominating set of $g$. if$v(g)=v^{0}={v_{1}^{0},v_{2}^{0},ldots ,v_{n}^{0}}$ and $e(g)=e_{0}$, then for any in...

The Hadwiger number (G) of a graph G is the largest integer h such that the complete graph on h nodes Kh is a minor of G. Equivalently, (G) is the largest integer such that any graph on at most (G) nodes is a minor ofG. The Hadwiger’s conjecture states that for any graph G, (G) (G), where (G) is the chromatic number of G. It is well-known that for any connected undirected graph G, there exists ...

In this paper a computational model called dynamic medial axis (DMA) is proposed to describe the internal evolution of planar shapes. To define the DMA, a symbolic representation called matching list is proposed to depict the topological structure of the medial axis. As shown in this paper with provable properties, the DMA exhibits an interesting dynamic skeleton structure for planar shapes. Fi...

For each positive integer \(k\), a simple graph \(G\) of order \(p\) is said to be \(k\)-prime labeling if there exists an injective function \(f\) whose labels are from \(k\) \(k+p-1\) that induces \(f^{+}:E(G)\to N\) the edges defined by \(f^{+}(uv)=\gcd(f(u),f(v))\), \(\forall\) \(e=uv \in E(G)\) such every pair neighbouring vertices relatively prime. This type known as graph. In this paper,...