The factor time within building projects is on high pressure because the need for faster delivery of buildings is rising. Within fast-track, complex building projects the design process is an important key to fast-tracking. Based on case analyses of fast-track design processes (den Otter, Prins 2001) it became obvious that design processes function poorly within fast-track projects. Improvement...

SnBr(4)-promoted oxonium-Prins cyclizations to form 2,3-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans (THFs) are reported. In the absence of an internal nucleophile, the carbocation intermediates are trapped by bromide to give 2,3-cis- and 2,3-trans-configured products; two variations with intramolecular trapping are also reported. One of these allows a single-step stereocontrolled synthesis of the core 2,3-c...

In this note we study generalizations in many directions of the contraction procedure for Lie algebras introduced by Saletan [Sa]. We consider products of arbitrary nature, not necessarily Lie brackets, and we generalize to infinite dimension, considering a modification of the approach by Nijenhuis tensors to bilinear operations on sections of finite-dimensional vector bundles. We apply our gen...

Because the importance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in the regulation of the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin is recognized, there is growing need for a suitable method for determining this metabolite. Here we compare the colorimetric method of de Leeuw, two enzymatic rate-dependent methods (of Nygaard and ROrth and of Loos and Prins), and two enzymatic end-point methods (of Keitt and of Ericson and ...

2.1.8. Michael Reaction 2245 2.1.9. Others 2247 2.2. Cyclization Reactions 2248 2.2.1. Carbon Diels−Alder Reactions 2248 2.2.2. Aza-Diels−Alder Reactions 2252 2.2.3. Other Hetero-Diels−Alder Reactions 2255 2.2.4. Ionic Diels−Alder Reaction 2256 2.2.5. 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions 2256 2.2.6. Other Cycloaddition Reactions 2258 2.2.7. Prins-type Cyclization 2259 2.3. Friedel−Crafts Acylation and Al...

supposed that genes control ultimately all cellular functions, including protein synthesis. From the close association of genes with nucleoproteins, it is natural to assume that nucleic acids may be in volved in protein synthesis. Such an assumption can be supported by the fact that nucleic acids are always found associated with self-duplicating units (e.g., genes, viruses, plastids, transformi...

Abstra t. The spa e requirement of Cro hemore's repetitions algorithm is generally estimated to be about 20MN bytes of memory, where N is the length of the input string and M the number of bytes required to store the integer N . The same algorithm an also be used in other ontexts, for instan e to ompute the suÆx tree of the input string in O(N logN) time for the purpose of data ompression. In s...

Articolul prezintă o abordare bazată pe Programarea Genetică pentru descoperirea structurii unor controleri optimizaţi cu Algoritmi Genetici, permiţând astfel proiectanţilor să emuleze si să implementeze în timp real comportarea acestor controleri . Metoda este ilustrată prin rezultatele experimentale obţinute în urma simulării în Matlab a unui controler pentru alocarea adaptivă a resurselor, u...

Abstra t. In order to turn Nuprl's logi into a fully intuitionisti logi , we are urrently experimenting with versions of Brouwer's bar indu tion prin iple. Using our formalization of Nuprl's metatheory in Coq, we have proved the lassi al validity of two su h prin iples: one for sequen es of numbers that involved little hanges to the system, and a more general one for sequen es of losed terms wi...

We describe the design and development of the first catalytic asymmetric vinylogous Prins cyclization. This reaction constitutes an efficient approach for highly diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of tetrahydrofurans (THFs) and is catalyzed by a confined chiral imidodiphosphoric acid (IDP). Aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes react with various 3,5-dien-1-ols to afford 2,3-disubstitute...