This article describes the development since 2000 of the State Public Health Laboratory System in the United States. These state systems collectively are related to several other recent public health laboratory (PHL) initiatives. The first is the Core Functions and Capabilities of State Public Health Laboratories, a white paper that defined the basic responsibilities of the state PHL. Another i...

BACKGROUND In England, Public Health England conducts enhanced surveillance of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). The continuing decline in reported IMD cases has raised concerns that the MRU may be underestimating true IMD incidence. METHODS We linked five national datasets to estimate disease burden over five years, including PHE Meningococcal Reference Unit (MRU) confirmations, hospital...

S. M. Perez,1,2 W. A. Richter,3 B. A. Brown,4 and M. Horoi5 1Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa 2iThemba LABS, P. O. Box 722, Somerset West 7129, South Africa 3Department of Physics, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa 4Department of Physics and Astronomy, and National Superconducting Cyclotron Lab...

We study herd behavior in a laboratory Þnancial market where a sequence of subjects trades an asset whose value is unknown. In two treatments the price is updated according to a deterministic rule based on the order ßow, and in another it is updated by experimental participants. Theory predicts that agents should never herd. Our experimental results are in line with this prediction. Nevertheles...

Numerous opportunities exist for successful careers in the fields of hematology and oncology. Trainees must choose between dedicated training in one or both disciplines, and between careers in private practice or academic medicine. Individuals who favor academic careers must decide between patient-oriented clinical investigation and laboratory research. This article addresses the factors that i...

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada (RMRB) Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7701 Rondebosch, Republic of South Africa (RMRB, DSJ, CTH, RMB) Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada (RMB) Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria...

In a laboratory experiment with salient rewards, subjects were endowed with money and waiting time. Preferences for waiting time were elicited both as a private good by means of a series of second price auctions, i.e., in a non-induced values framework, and as a public good in the scope of a voluntary contribution game. Our data supports the Lindahl equilibrium as a descriptive model of behavio...

Materials and methods This was a retrospective economic evaluation study. Type 2 diabetes patients of the universal coverage scheme who visited and followed up at general practice department of Nopparat Rajatanee hospital and the subcontractor private clinics for at least one year were recruited. The patient data were collected from medical records and from hospital computer systems from 1 Janu...