Inflammation is an essential physiological process, which enables survival during infection and maintains tissue homeostasis. Interferons (IFNs) and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are crucial for appropriate response to pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants in inflammatory response. The inflammasom is multiprotein complex, which initiates cleavage of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and ...

Increased cytokine expression and concurrent psychiatric symptoms were initially observed after administration of cytokines to patients afflicted with cancer, hepatitis and multiple sclerosis. Cytokines are a diverse group of soluble messenger proteins involved in the regulation, repair of cells, and control of immune events. During an inflammatory event expression of CD4+ T-lymphocyte helper (...

Introduction: Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type. In addition to their neurological roles, astrocytes also have immune functions. They have been involved in antigen presentation in the central nervous system (CNS). Activated astrocytes express adhesion molecules, chemokines and release several inflammatory mediators, pro-inflammatory cytokines, neurotrophic and neuroprotective fac...

The angiogenic process involves several cell types and mediators, which interact to establish a specific microenvironment suitable for the formation of new capillaries from pre-existing vessels. Angiogenesis occurs in several physiological and pathological conditions, such as embryo development and wound healing, diabetic retinopathy and tumours. Inflammatory cells, namely monocytes/macrophages...

Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are important mediators in the host response to infection. In contrast to the pro-inflammatory cytokines little is known about anti-inflammatory cytokines in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and their relation to disease severity. Circulating levels of three pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TN...

Background: acute carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication in rats is strongly characterized by the expression of numerous cytokines playing an important role in the pathophysiology of liver diseases. We investigated the chronology of appearance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the liver of rats treated either acutely or chronically with CCl4. Methods: by using a semiquant...

introduction: astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type. in addition to their neurological roles, astrocytes also have immune functions. they have been involved in antigen presentation in the central nervous system (cns). activated astrocytes express adhesion molecules, chemokines and release several inflammatory mediators, pro-inflammatory cytokines, neurotrophic and neuroprotective fac...

In major systemic inflammation such as severe peritonitis, various pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6, play important roles in the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the outflow of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines from the efferent mesenteric lymphatic vessels under peritonitis. M...

Purpose: To investigate the effect of ethyl acetate extract of S. striata on pro-inflammatory production by macrophages. Methods: Mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured in solvent either alone or with 2 μg/ml lipopolysaccaride (LPS) with/without different doses of ethyl acetate extract of S. striata. Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis f...