UNLABELLED Crataegus succulenta Schrad. ex Link is widely spread in North America. A literature survey revealed no studies on the chemical composition and biological effects of this species. AIM The aim of the present study was to investigate the phenolic content, free radical scavenging and 15-lipoxygenase inhibitory effects of Crataegus succulenta leaf and flower extracts. MATERIAL AND ME...

OBJECTIVE Tissue damage and endotoxemia in obstructive jaundice are attributed to the increase in oxygen free-radicals. We aimed at evaluating the possible protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), which is a potent exogenous free-radical scavenger and antioxidant. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was performed at the Necmettin Erbakan University Meram School of Medicine ...

In Arabidopsis, proanthocyanidins specifically accumulate in the endothelium during early seed development. At least three TRANSPARENT TESTA (TT) genes, TT2, TT8, and TTG1, are necessary for the normal expression of several flavonoid structural genes in immature seed, such as DIHYDROFLAVONOL-4-REDUCTASE and BANYULS (BAN). TT8 and TTG1 were characterized recently and found to code for a basic he...

MYB and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) are two important transcription factor (TF) families found in plants and animals. MYB-bHLH interactions control multiple enzymatic steps in flavonoid (anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin) biosynthesis pathway in plants. Moreover, they play roles in trichome and root hair formation, activation of vacuolar acidification, phytochrome A signaling, glucosinolate bi...

Infections by influenza A viruses (IAV) are a major health burden to mankind. The current antiviral arsenal against IAV is limited and novel drugs are urgently required. Medicinal plants are known as an abundant source for bioactive compounds, including antiviral agents. The aim of the present study was to characterize the anti-IAV potential of a proanthocyanidin-enriched extract derived from t...