In this letter, we discuss a forwarding method for maximizing network lifetime, which combines multi-hop forwarding and direct forwarding with a direct/multi-hop forwarding ratio of each sensor node. The direct forwarding ratio refers to the forwarding amount ratio of sensor nodes’ own data directly towards a sink node in one packet/instance data generation rate. We tackle an optimization probl...

The purpose of this report is to present Canada’s experience so far with the emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) using a pro-active risk management approach. This approach is reflected in the actions the Canadian Food Inspection Agency took in collaboration with other stakeholders starting from the period the disease was first confirmed in United States to the time after it was confirm...

HAdV-56 is a new recombinant type isolated from epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) patients and has been sporadically isolated in Japan several times. Here, an outbreak of EKC in the city of Dalian, China involving a large number of workers in two factories was reported; this was the first outbreak of EKC associated with HAdV-56 worldwide.

Since October 2010, an outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) has been observed in some provinces of China. Here we report the complete genome sequence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain LC, which was recently isolated from sucking piglets that suffered from severe watery diarrhea in Guangdong. It will help in understanding the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of...

The discovery of the important role played by the complex connectivity structure between individuals has lead to an increasing interest in the analysis of epidemic spreading in complex networks. Here we propose a discrete-time formulation of the problem of contact-based epidemic spreading, within the context of susceptible-infected-susceptible epidemic models. The proposed equations establish t...

Delay Tolerant Networks vary from conventional networks in that they have reserve constraints, unbalanced mixture traffic, data redundancy, network dynamics, and energy balance. Moreover due to node mobility DTN suffers from unpredictable connectivity and limited transmission duration. A mobile node in DTN routing may not be able to transmit all messages from its forwarding queue; therefore the...

We investigate the problem of fast-forwarding quantum evolution, whereby dynamics certain systems can be simulated with gate complexity that is sublinear in evolution time. provide a definition considers model computation, Hamiltonians induce and properties initial states. Our accounts for any</mm...

Data link level forwarding provides simple and fast packet forwarding capability. One primary reason for the simplicity of layer 2 forwarding comes from its short, fixed length labels. A node forwarding at network layer must parse a relatively large header, and perform a longest-prefix match to determine a forwarding path. When a node performs layer 2 forwarding it can do direct index lookup in...

background and purpose: hepatitis b is a major health problem around the globe the prevalence of which varies depending on the region and study. in this study, we aimed to determine the epidemiology and prevalence rates of hepatitis b in fasa, iran. methods: this descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed using medical records of all the hepatitis b patients referring to fasa health cente...