The age of the nearest particle pair is introduced as difference between current time and most recent when was formed. evolution equation for age-included distribution function derived. With assumption random destruction pairs, predicts exponential probability ages pairs. Particle-resolved numerical simulations with moving particles are performed to verify this prediction. then used derive part...

We give upper bounds for the probability that a random word of a given length contains at least one letter from each member of a given collection of sets of letters. We rst show a correlation inequality that bounds the probability of the conjunction of a number of pairwise dependent events. The bound takes into account only pairs of events that are positively correlated, yielding signi cantly t...

An uncertain or probabilistic database is defined as a probability distribution over a set of deterministic database instances called possible worlds. In the classical deterministic setting, the query processing problem is to compute the set of tuples representing the answer of a given query on a given database. In the probabilistic setting, this problem becomes the computation of all pairs (t,...

It is easy to construct pairs of sentences X, Y that lead many people to ascribe higher probability to the conjunction X-and-Y than to the conjuncts X, Y. Whether an error is thereby committed depends on reasoners’ interpretation of the expressions “probability” and “and.” We report two experiments designed to clarify the normative status of typical responses to conjunction problems. © 2004 Cog...

Departament de Matemàtica Aplicada I, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. e-mail: [email protected] Abstract We apply the formal W.K.B. method in the complex plane to the quantum field theory to obtain the Schwinger formula for spin and spinless particles; i.e., we obtain the probability that the vacuum state remains unchanged in presence of a constant el...

Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus) is a globally threatened species. The northernmost limit of its breeding range located in Kazakhstan and fragmented into three large enclaves. Karatau one such enclave. It was previously assumed that small number Vultures nested here; however, research showed the fallacy ideas 2010. In 2022, surveyed more detail to detect Vultures. Based on results studi...

This paper is motivated by some results presented by Knudsen, Robshaw and Wagner at Crypto’99 [3], that described many attacks of reduced versions of Skipjack, some of them being erroneous. Differential cryptanalysis is based on distinguishers, any attack should prove that the events that triggers the analysis has not the same probability for the cipher than for a random function. In particular...

We study a recent model of random networks based on the presence of an intrinsic character of the vertices called fitness. The vertex fitnesses are drawn from a given probability distribution density. The edges between pairs of vertices are drawn according to a linking probability function depending on the fitnesses of the two vertices involved. We study here different choices for the probabili...