A workshop was held to discuss potential advancements to improve the precision of risk estimates for developmental toxicity. This paper presents an overview of the discussions at the workshop, focusing on the risk assessment process and science policy considerations important in the use of quantitative models. Some of the pertinent biological considerations are reviewed, particularly those rela...

Psychiatrists and psychologists provide consultation to the Catholic Church's marriage courts. Operating under the Church's legal code, these tribunals assess the validity of weddings that have ended in divorce. This report describes one of the standards used for this purpose, the lack of due discretion of judgment, which is concerned with the maturity, understanding, and appreciation that the ...

Theory of Evidence is a mathematical theory which allows one to reason with uncertainty and which suggests a way for combining uncertain data. This is the reason why it is used as a basic tool for multisensor data fusion in situation assessment process. Although numerician people know quite well this formalism and its use in multisensor fusion, it is not the case for people used to manipulate l...

Is there a difference between believing and merely understanding an idea?Descartes thought so. He considered the acceptance and rejection of an idea to be alternative outcomes of an effortful assessment process that occurs subsequent to the automatic comprehension of that idea. This article examined Spinoza's alternative suggestion that (a) the acceptance of an idea is part of the automatic com...

When developmental concerns arise in children, a clinical assessment focuses on the child's developmental profile to achieve three goals (1) determine diagnosis, (2) develop interventions, and (3) evaluate progress. Parents often have needs during this time that are not addressed by professionals because of the exclusive focus on the child during the evaluation. In this article, we suggest that...

This article discusses issues related to the development and dissemination of evidence-based assessment strategies for anxiety disorders and associated problems. It begins with a review of the criteria that should be considered when determining whether particular assessment procedures are evidence-based. These include such factors as reliability, validity, cost-effectiveness, consumer acceptabi...

This study investigates the risk factors in railway reconstruction project through complete literature reviews on construction project risks and scrutinizing experiences and challenges of railway reconstructions in Taiwan. Based on the identified risk factors, an assessing framework based on the fuzzy multicriteria decision-making (fuzzy MCDM) approach to help construction agencies build awaren...

Evidence-based assessment (EBA) emphasizes the use of research and theory to inform the selection of assessment targets, the methods and measures used in the assessment, and the assessment process itself. Our review focuses on efforts to develop and promote EBA within clinical psychology. We begin by highlighting some weaknesses in current assessment practices and then present recent efforts to...

A method for assessing the consultation skills required in general practice using patient simulators within a simulated surgery has been developed in Leicester, aimed at registrars coming to the end of their three-year training programme. This paper addresses the issues of validity, describing the technique as it has evolved over the past three years, and paying particular attention to ways in ...

The use of new psychoactive substances and the new patterns of drug use can have important public health and policy implications. Few countries have monitoring systems that are sensitive to this new phenomenon in the drug field, but methodological difficulties to detect them are considerable. Nonetheless, the importance of identifying potential new threats is widely recognized. The European Uni...