In order to pursue sustainability, commercial activities between the supply and demand sides must be somehow changed. In the context of eco-design, producers must need a much bigger framework than is available in current eco-design techniques. This calls for establishing a new discipline. This paper aims at proposing a novel engineering discipline for producers toward sustainable production and...

c-erbB-2 oncogene encodes a growth factor receptor whose amino acid sequence has extensive homology with human epidermal growth factor receptor. It is frequently overexpressed in human breast, ovary, lung, and stomach cancers, where its overexpression is related significantly to the prognosis. Tl investigate the possible role of c-erbB-2 oncogene in the oncogenesis of stomach cancer, we examine...

Product Data Management (PDM) desktop and web based systems maintain the organizational technical and managerial data to increase the quality of products by improving the processes of development, business process flows, change management, product structure management, project tracking and resource planning. Though PDM is heavily benefiting industry but PDM community is facing a very serious un...

The microbiological and biochemical changes occurred during the fermentation of camel milk inoculated by three selected bacterial starter, were investigated as well as the sensory evaluation of the product. Milk samples were collected from camel herds of southeastern of Iran. Chr. Hansen ABT-10 starter including Lactobacillus acidophillus, Biphidobacterum biphidum and Sterptococcus...

Joint product display in videos may help customers to not only evaluate the attributes of products that can influence their individual demands (direct effect) but also learn about the complementarity between them that may cause additional correlation in their demands (spillover effect). To estimate the demand effects, we introduced videos displaying apparel with matching accessories for few ran...

Online retailers employ various strategies, such as reviewer reputation systems and online communities, to encourage consumers to write online product reviews. Monetary incentives---a widely used extrinsic motivation in the business world---are not commonly used by online retailers to encourage consumers to write online product reviews. One plausible explanation is because of the cost of moneta...

This paper considers product-line expansion in horizontally-differentiated markets and examines conditions under which one firm’s product-line expansion can cause all firms to be more profitable. While it may at first seem that a firm’s profits will decrease when a competitor expands its product line because the firm’s sales will decrease in the presence of the new product, this intuition is in...

This paper investigates the impact of spatial zoning restrictions on retail market outcomes. We estimate a structural model of entry, location and format choice across a large number of markets in the presence of zoning restrictions. The paper contributes to the literature in three ways: First, the paper demonstrates that estimates of factors affecting market potential and competitive intensity...

Increasingly, donors that subsidize socially-desirable products in the developing world are shifting from distributing through non-commercial to commercial channels, ceding control of the product price to for-profit intermediaries. This paper advises a donor as to how the donor’s loss of price control and the level of consumer awareness–defined as the fraction of the consumer population that is...