Reaching 2015 Paris Agreements means targeting zero-carbon emission worldwide societies by the second half of this century. It implies a wide-ranging transformation all industries, supported deployment numerous technologies at unprecedented industrial and time scales. This paper questions definition concept “upscaling”, often related to transitioning, used in different scientific communities wi...

Driven by rapid technological developments, greater customer expectations, and increased product complexity, product development processes increasingly rely on the integration of dispersed specialist knowledge. Consequently, many industrial firms are changing the way they approach product development. Product development increasingly relies on knowledge integration across firm boundaries. Custo...

We investigate here antecedents and consequences of supplier integration (black-box and gray-box) in product development activities. Antecedents include embeddedness with suppliers, supply base rationalization, and supplier selection based on product development capabilities. Product innovation and quality are modeled as returns of supplier integration in product development. We also assess the...

The element-free Galerkin method is employed for two-dimensional analysis of steady-state heat transfer. The unknown response of the system, i.e. temperature is approximated using the moving least squares technique. Numerical integration of governing simultaneous system of equations is performed by Gauss quadrature and new modified nodal integration techniques. Numerical examples and tests have...