It is widely believed that the rate of profit across industrial sectors, while not in fact uniform as stipulated in the theory of prices of production, is independent of the sectoral organic composition of capital. It follows that the simple labour theory of value must be systematically in error as a predictor of actual sectoral aggregate prices. We offer empirical evidence from the US economy ...

This study examined the use of soil and water conservation (SWC) practices among rice farmers in Iran. A random sample of 400 rice paddy farmers in the Foumanat plain of Guilan province, who use SWC measures, was drawn from a population of 52 thousand farmers. A two-part questionnaire was used to examine the level of utilization of SWC practices and to profile paddy farmers. Internal consistenc...

We examine the concept of firms sacrificing profits in the social interest within the environmental realm, with particular focus on the case of the United States by addressing four key questions. May they do so within the scope of their fiduciary responsibilities to their shareholders? Can they do so on a sustainable basis, or will the forces of a competitive marketplace render such efforts and...

In many markets, such as education, health care and public utilities, firms are often profit-constrained either due to regulation or because they have non-profit status. At the same time such firms might have altruistic concerns towards consumers. In this paper we study semi-altruistic firms’ incentives to invest in quality and cost-reducing effort when facing constraints on the distribution of...

the main aim in this research has been to determining the growth regime in iran based on an open economy concerning the bhaduri and marglin(1990) model.  this model which has been widely used in post keynesian economics is a kaleckian-post keynesian macroeconomic model which is based on effective demand. bhaduri and marglin(1990) concerning wage as a cost item as well as a component of aggregat...

the destruction of profit and its consequent liability has a crucial role in regulating legal and social relations. in contracts, like hire, sale and sharecropping and also in extra contractual liability such as destroying, usurpation and receiving, lawyers and jurists have partially argued about the subject and have tried to offer a legal and jurisprudent interpretation, in order to compensate...

In the past Taiwanese banks that evaluated customers’ credit emphasized collaterals and guarantors, adopting such methods as the rule of thumb, a credit rating system, and numeric credit scoring system that are primarily based upon subjective judgements. However, Taiwanese banks nowadays no longer possess a superior competitive position, owing to the internationalization and liberalization of T...