Example 1 The standard treatment for a disease works in 0.675 of all patients. A new treatment is proposed. Is it better? (The scientists who created it claim it is. You – as an advocate for a patient or sales personnel for the company that eventually would market it – must be more skeptical. Where’s the data?) An initial clinical trial of n = 100 patients (of similar general health) is conduct...

Approximate sample size formulas for non-inferiority tests of a single proportion are presented in Chow et al. (2008) page 85. However, only large sample (normal approximation) results are given there. This procedure has the capability for computing power using both the normal approximation and binomial enumeration for all tests. Some sample size programs use only the normal approximation to th...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Skin diseases account for a large number of consultations in primary care. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics and cost of referrals from primary care to a dermatology clinic. MATERIAL AND METHODS Descriptive cross-sectional study of referrals from a primary care health center to a dermatology clinic. The dermatology clinic was situated in...

Often in biomedical research, we deal with continuous (clustered) proportion responses ranging between zero and one quantifying the disease status of the cluster units. Interestingly, the study population might also consist of relatively disease-free as well as highly diseased subjects, contributing to proportion values in the interval [0, 1]. Regression on a variety of parametric densities wit...

Proportion representation is an emerging subdomain in numerical cognition. However, its nature and its correlation with simple number representation remain elusive, especially at the theoretical level. To fill this gap, we propose a gain-field model of proportion representation to shed light on the neural and computational basis of proportion representation. The model is based on two well-suppo...

Query by Singing/Humming (QBSH) is a Music Information Retrieval (MIR) system with small audio excerpt as query. The rising availability of digital music stipulates effective music retrieval methods. Further, MIR systems support content based searching for music and requires no musical acquaintance. Current work on QBSH focuses mainly on melody features such as pitch, rhythm, note etc., size of...

1. Dept. of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2. Dept. of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran 3. Dept. of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4. Minimally Invasive Surgery Re...