Perpetual voting is a framework for long-term collective decision making. In this framework, we consider sequence of subsequent approval-based elections and try to achieve fair overall outcome. To fairness over time, perpetual rules take the history previous decisions into account identify voters that were dissatisfied with decisions. paper, look at from an axiomatic perspective. First, define ...

In social choice there often arises a conflict between the majority principle (the search for candidate that is as good possible many voters possible), and protection of minority rights (choosing not overly bad particular individuals or groups). context where latter our main concern, veto-based rules -- giving groups ability to strike off certain candidates from list are natural effective way e...

The Caspian Kutum, Rutilus Kutum (Kamensky 1901) specimens were sampled by purse seine in the northern Iranian coast of the Caspian Sea at four locations:  Feridoonkenar Shahed, Mahmoudabad Khoram, Lariim Azadi fishing coop, and the Shiroud River in Ramsar city. “Back-calculation” is a retrospective method of estimating the characteristics of growth of fish in terms of length and rate of growth...