Experimental investigation requires materials, radiation sources, and test arrangements with a high monetary financial plan. Furthermore, exposure involves people during the experiment. On contrary, simulation technique for examining interactions is radio-logically safer, less timeconsuming, cost-effective, applicable all desired sources. Through 48.86 mCi 662 keV Caesium-137 gamma-ray source; ...

Applicators containing metal have been widely used in recent years when applying brachytherapy to patients with cervical cancer. However, the high dose rate (HDR) treatment-planning system (TPS) that is currently used in brachytherapy still assumes that the treatment environment constitutes a homogeneous water medium and does not include a dose correction for the metal material of the applicato...

A patient dose distribution was calculated by a 3D multi-group S N particle transport code for intracavitary brachytherapy of the cervix uteri and compared to previously published Monte Carlo results. A Cs-137 LDR intracavitary brachytherapy CT data set was chosen from our clinical database. MCNPX version 2.5.c, was used to calculate the dose distribution. A 3D multi-group S N particle transpor...

The intent of this review is to give insight in the present status and on the prospective future of proton therapy. The major point of reference is conventional therapy with photons. Traditional radiotherapy is showing nowadays a very rapid progress using advanced dynamic beam delivery techniques and sophisticated computer algorithms for treatment planning. The new fashionable concepts in medic...

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Intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) implies the electromagnetic spatial control of well-circumscribed "pencil beams" of protons of variable energy and intensity. Proton pencil beams take advantage of the charged-particle Bragg peak-the characteristic peak of dose at the end of range-combined with the modulation of pencil beam variables to create target-local modulations in dose that achie...

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