Dystonia is defined as a syndrome of sustained muscle contractions, frequently causing twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures. A causeand-effect relationship between brain injury and subsequent movement disorder is well established, but a link with peripheral trauma is more controversial. Our objective is to discuss the challenge of the differential diagnosis between organic or ...

INTRODUCTION Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia is characterized by sudden attacks of involuntary movements. It is often misdiagnosed clinically as psychogenic illness, which distresses the patients to a great extent. A correct diagnosis will improve the quality of life in patients with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia because treatment with low doses of anticonvulsants is effective for elimina...

\ ,7hile it is widely recognized that patients with a major medical illness often have psychiatric symptoms, it is less commonly appreciated that psychiatric symptoms may be the first presentation of the illness. This has been documented by several authors’-3 who report that 9 percent’ to 40 percent2 of patients undergoing treatment for presumed psychiatric disease may actually have a medical i...

Panic disorder is extremely common, affecting 1 to 3 percent of the US population in its fully developed form.l Up to 10 percent of adults experience partial manifestations of panic disorder at some point in their lives.z Frequently the initial symptoms, such as chest pain, dizziness, or paresthesia, are physical, and it can be difficult to decide how aggressively to search for potential biomed...

Cervical dystonia, or torticollis, is perhaps the most common form of focal dystonia. The discovery that botulinum toxin was beneficial in the treatment of this disorder had a twofold impact. First, it silenced a small minority of physicians who believed that this disorder had a psychogenic basis despite convincing evidence to the contrary. Second, it alerted physicians to the broad potential o...

conclusions definite diagnosis of pnea not only reduces significantly unnecessary use of aeds (p = 0.001) and psychotropic drugs, but also increases patients’ productivity and emotional wellbeing. in addition, it leads them to accept diagnosis and follow appropriate treatment. objectives the aim of this study is to investigate occurrence of pnea in patients admitted to the razavi epilepsy depar...

Unless the patient has reasons for ‘malingering’ – the symptoms are simulated for compensation or litigation motives – pain is always indicative of some degree of dysfunction. In most instances, the dysfunction is physical. Sometimes, however, the pain is devoid of any organic basis. If the patient has an unconscious belief in the reality of the symptoms, a psychogenic disorder is likely. The p...

Objective: To compare the emotional structure and coping strategies in patients with psychogenic non epileptic seizures, epilepsy and control group. Methods: Among patients with complaining of epilepsy attacks that referred to clinic of Imam Reza (Peace be upon him) in Shiraz, 30 patients with psychogenic non epileptic seizures and 30 patients with epilepsy were selected .A total of 30 patients...

Objectives: To assess psychopathological symptoms and history of childhood trauma in patients with newly developed psychogenic seizures. Methods: Using validated scales, 178 patients from the general population diagnosed with newly developed seizures were assessed, at a point in time when the nature of their seizures was yet unknown to either doctors or patients. After standardised neurological...