developed countries such as USA (2.6 in 2006, US Census Bureau) and Japan (2.6 in 2005, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications). Thus, many nonsmoking household members may share indoor environments with smokers. The WHO FCTC is the first global public health treaty that the 166 WHO member states have already ratified. Article 8 of the WHO FCTC addresses the issue of protection from ex...

Across a sample of twenty-seven European nations, we examine variation in the level of factual political knowledge in relation to self-reported exposure to news programs aired by public or commercial channels, and to broadsheet or tabloid newspapers. Unlike previous studies, we estimate the effects of exposure to these news outlets while controlling for self-selection into the audience. Our res...

Cervid species represent a growing livestock enterprise in the United States of America (USA). The zoonotic threat of bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) is the only significant public health risk posed by this alternative livestock industry. This paper examines the potential sources of tuberculosis exposure as related to public health and compares and contrasts the status of tuberculosis...

health care workers (hcw) are at high risk of occupational exposure from blood-borne pathogens. the most important pathogens that can be transmitted to hcw are hiv with prevalence of 2.24 per 100000, hbv with prevalence of 2.3%, and hcv with prevalence of 0.2% in iran. most of this occupational transmission can be prevented through standard precautions reducing exposure. these precautions, howe...

To cite: Phillips G, Bottomley C, Schmidt E, et al. J Epidemiol Community Health 2014;68:597–605. INTRODUCTION Measuring variation in implementation of public health interventions and levels of population exposure is an important part of evaluation. In the context of effectiveness trials, exposure data can be used to interpret the impact of the intervention on the study outcomes. In interventio...

Introduction: The rapid development of wireless telecommunication technologies over the past decades, has led to significant changes in the exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields. Nowadays, people are continuously exposed to different sources of electromagnetic fields such as mobile phones, mobile base stations, cordless phones, Wi-Fi routers, and power lines. Therefore, th...

Abstract Pathological narcissism implies a fragile self-view. The psychological effects of ego-relevant events in people high pathological narcissism, however, are still uncertain. study examined the on reactions to occurring private or public settings. Participants ( N = 410) completed measures narcissistic traits, and then they took part scenario-based experimental session. They were randomly...