Pardaxin (PX) is a voltage-dependent ionophore that stimulates catecholamine exocytosis from PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells both in the presence and absence of extracellular calcium. Using a battery of phospholipase A(2) inhibitors we show that PX stimulation of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) enzymes is coupled with induction of exocytosis. We investigated the relationship between PX-induced PLA(2) ...

We investigate proper biharmonic hypersurfaces with at most three distinct principal curvatures in space forms. We obtain the full classification of proper biharmonic hypersurfaces in 4-dimensional space forms.

In the present paper we survey the most recent classification results for proper biharmonic submanifolds in unit Euclidean spheres. We also obtain some new results concerning geometric properties of proper biharmonic constant mean curvature submanifolds in spheres.

In the applications of the method of fundamental solutions, locations of sources are treated either as variables or a priori known constants. In which, the former results in a nonlinear optimization problem and the other has to face the problem of locating sources. Theoretically, farther sources results in worse conditioning and better accuracy. In this paper, a practical procedure is provided ...

The evaluation of sums (matrix-vector products) of the solutions of the three-dimensional biharmonic equation can be accelerated using the fast multipole method, while memory requirements can also be significantly reduced. We develop a complete translation theory for these equations. It is shown that translations of elementary solutions of the biharmonic equation can be achieved by considering ...

The hepatitis B virus pX protein is a potent transcriptional activator of viral and cellular genes whose mechanism of action is poorly understood. Here we show that pX dramatically stimulates in vitro DNA binding of a variety of cellular proteins that contain basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) DNA binding domains. The basis for increased DNA binding is a direct interaction between pX and the co...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects humans and causes a wide range of clinical manifestations, from acute hepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The HBV genome contains multiple promoters with gene expression regulated predominantly by the cellular transcription initiation machinery. Accordingly, the HBV-encoded pX, the only known viral regulator, is a potent transcription coactivator. We inv...

In this paper, we study the existence of multiple solutions to a class of p-biharmonic elliptic equations, pu – pu + V(x)|u|p–2u = λh1(x)|u|m–2u + h2(x)|u|q–2u, x ∈RN , where 1 0. By variational methods, we obtain the existence of infini...

Let R be a Riemannian manifold without a biharmonic Green function defined on it and Ω a domain in R. A necessary and sufficient condition is given for the existence of a biharmonic Green function on Ω.