Transposable elements (TEs) shape genomes via recombination and transposition, lead to chromosomal rearrangements, create new gene neighborhoods, and alter gene expression. They play key roles in adaptation either to symbiosis in Amanita genus or to pathogenicity in Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Despite growing evidence of their importance, the abundance and distribution of mobile elements repl...

tan spot disease of wheat with the causal agent of pyrenophora tritici-repentis is a very serious  disease throughout the world causing severe yield losses. out of 163 isolates of the pathogen, collected from golestan and mazandaran provinces, 58 were selected for a study of population genetic structure. selecting the real representatives from the whole population was carried out according to t...

Highlights CSM-NWheat, a DSSAT wheat crop model, was coupled with pest module named PEST. The model can simulate the impact of and disease damage on crops. Pest is expressed in daily steps by communication links called coupling points. Coupling points are linked state variables at which be applied. Field pest-scouting reports linear interpolation used to compute rates. Abstract . Wheat one most...