OBJECTIVES In July 1995 the Soufriere Hills volcano on the island of Montserrat began to erupt. Preliminary reports showed that the ash contained a substantial respirable component and a large percentage of the toxic silica polymorph, cristobalite. In this study the cytotoxicity of three respirable Montserrat volcanic ash (MVA) samples was investigated: M1 from a single explosive event, M2 accu...

tuffs do not result from pyroclastic flow and hence are not true pyroclastic flow deposits. They do not explain the processes they envision, but in this situation pyroclastic emplacement without some form of lateral flow is clearly impossible, even in near-vent locations. 18. M. J. Branney and R. S. J. Sparks, J. Geol. Soc. London 147, 919 (1990). 19. For example, halloysite, smectites, sericit...

Basaltic pyroclastic volcanism takes place over a range of scales and styles, from weak discrete Strombolian explosions (!10–10 kg s) to Plinian eruptions of moderate intensity (10–10 kg s). Recent well-documented historical eruptions from Etna, Kı̄lauea and Stromboli typify this diversity. Etna is Europe’s largest and most voluminously productive volcano with an extraordinary level and diversit...

Abstract The Aristarchus plateau hosts a diversity of volcanic features, including the largest pyroclastic deposit on Moon, sinuous rille and intrusive extrusive examples evolved, Th-rich silicic lithologies. We provide an overview previous remote-sensing measurements new analyses Diviner Lunar Radiometer thermal IR data, Prospector Gamma Ray Spectrometer Th Chang’e-5 Microwave hyperspectral mu...

Abstract Sedimentary structures deposited from dilute pyroclastic currents are largely dominated by the products of metre‐scale dune bedforms containing backset lamination. Since first seminal works in 1970s, vast majority literature called these antidunes and chutes‐and‐pools. This consensus led to a loose terminology, either as descriptive terms for beds or an interpretation hydrodynamic cond...

Volcanic eruptions are often very destructive events, having a massive impact on the natural and human environment. In order to mitigate the effect of volcanic hazards such as pyroclastic flows, lahars and tsunamis it is necessary to closely monitor volcanoes. Ground surface deformation is recognised as a reliable indicator of an impending eruption and can give clues to magmatic processes at de...