This paper concerns binary quadratic forms over F[T ]. It develops theory analogous to the theory of binary quadratic forms over Z. Most although not all of the results are almost identical, while some of the proofs require different techniques. In particular, the form class group is determined when the form takes values in a principal ideal domain, and the ideal class group (and class group is...

The world has recently experienced major challenges in all respects general, and economic particular following the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). This led people to improve their diet by consuming more vitamin-rich food commodities, especially vitamin C, because of its important effect promoting body immunity resistance for many diseases cold diseases. study relied on secondary data (time ser...

A variation of the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model of Deaton and Muellbauer (1980) has been employed to determine the impacts of per capita total expenditure, food prices and demographic variables on household demand for dairy products in Bangladesh. The budget shares are generally more responsive to per capita total expenditure than to prices. With respect to demographic effects, it is...

Abstract Whether couples pool their resources and behave like a unit or spend income individually is crucial for social tax policy. In this paper, I provide test of the pooling hypothesis using administrative cross-sectional survey data on expenditures individual incomes couple households in Germany. The performed within quadratic almost ideal demand system framework, which allows an endogenous...

This study aims to determine the effect of tastes on local food consumption in an econometric analysis demand structure Papua Province. used 2019 National Social and Economic Survey (SUSENAS) with 13.151 households conducted by Statistics Indonesia (BPS). The method is Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) Iterated Linear Least Square (ILLS) estimator. results show that education, house...

in this paper, we introduce a new generalization of weakly prime ideals called $i$-prime. suppose $r$ is a commutative ring with identity and $i$ a fixed ideal of $r$. a proper ideal $p$ of $r$ is $i$-prime if for $a, b in r$ with $ab in p-ip$ implies either $a in p$ or $b in p$. we give some characterizations of $i$-prime ideals and study some of its properties.  moreover, we give conditions  ...

This research examines the current state of food demand and its influencing factors in East Kalimantan Jakarta, considering relocation Indonesia’s capital city. Using Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) method 2021 Susenas data, we have analyzed impact variations prices, income, demographic variables on seven categories—rice, grains, tubers, legumes, animal protein...