The concept of number is fundamental to the formulation of any physical theory. We give a heuristic motivation for the reformulation of Quantum Mechanics in terms of non-standard real numbers called Quantum Real Numbers. The standard axioms of quantum mechanics are re-interpreted. Our aim is to show that, when formulated in the language of quantum real numbers, the laws of quantum mechanics app...

Price return and P/E are two important factors for a lot of investors based on the latest studies by researchers in Tehran Stock market; however, it is expected that the price and the variation of that affect the return and the P/E of any given market as a complicated system. The Bohmian quantum mechanics used referring to the time correlation of return and P/E of the stock market under conside...

I review the role of probability in contemporary physics and the origin of probabilistic time asymmetry, beginning with the pre-quantum case (both stochastic mechanics and classical statistical mechanics) but concentrating on quantum theory. I argue that quantum mechanics radically changes the pre-quantum situation and that the philosophical nature of objective probability in physics, and of pr...

Quantum mechanics, despite its lack of intuitiveness, has been very successful in describing and predicting physical systems. The field of quantum computation and information seeks to use quantum mechanics to do the same for information processing. In quantum mechanics, electron spin is described by a two state system, spin up and spin down. Similarly in quantum information there are two basis ...

Quantum information and computation may serve as a source of useful axioms and ideas for the quantum structures project of characterizing and classifying types of physical theories, including quantum mechanics and classical mechanics. The axiomatic approach of quantum structures may help isolate what aspects of quantum mechanics are responsible for what aspects of its greater-than-classical inf...

Backens recently proved that the ZX-calculus is complete for an important subset of quantum mechanics, namely stabilizer quantum mechanics, i.e. that for stabilizer quantum mechanics, any equation that can be shown to hold in the Dirac formalism can also be shown to hold within the ZX-calculus[2]. For her proof, she relied on operations on a special class of quantum states, namely graph states....

We present an analysis of quantum mechanics and its problems and paradoxes taking into account the results that have been obtained during the last two decades by investigations in the field of ‘quantum structures research’. We concentrate mostly on the results of our group FUND at Brussels Free University. By means of a spin 1 2 model where the quantum probability is generated by the presence o...

It is often stated that quantum mechanics only makes statistical predictions and that a quantum state is described by the various probability distributions associated with it. Can we describe a quantum state completely in terms of probabilities and then use it to describe quantum dynamics? What is the origin of the probability distribution for a maximally specified quantum state? Is quantum mec...

This Chapter deals with theoretical developments in the subject of quantum information and quantum computation, and includes an overview of classical information and some relevant quantum mechanics. The discussion covers topics in quantum communication, quantum cryptography, and quantum computation, and concludes by considering whether a perspective in terms of quantum information sheds new lig...

We present an analysis of quantum mechanics and its problems and paradoxes taking into account the results that have been obtained during the last two decades by investigations in the field of ‘quantum structures research’. We concentrate mostly on the results of our group FUND at Brussels Free University. By means of a spin 1 2 model where the quantum probability is generated by the presence o...