The cost of human vaccines to protect from rabies is, however, beyond the reach of many of those who may need it. And treatment for people who are bitten can cost US$ 40–50, representing an average of 40 days of wages in some of the affected countries. Recognizing that human vaccination is currently not always affordable, the new framework emphasizes prevention through vaccinating dogs – whose ...

Canine rabies can be effectively controlled by vaccination with readily available, high-quality vaccines. These vaccines should provide protection from challenge in healthy dogs, for the claimed period, for duration of immunity, which is often two or three years. It has been suggested that, in free-roaming dog populations where rabies is endemic, vaccine-induced protection may be compromised by...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether postexposure rabies prophylaxis (PEP) in domestic animals, as mandated by the state of Texas, has continued to be effective and to evaluate PEP and preexposure rabies vaccination failures from 1995 through 1999. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 830 unvaccinated domestic animals (621 dogs, 78 horses, 71 cats, and 60 cattle) that received PEP and 4 animals (3...

Two different tactics are currently being utilized to control rabies in foxes, skunks and raccoons in Ontario, Canada. The first tactic, which involves live-capturing with cage-traps and vaccinating by intramuscular injection, was successful in immunizing 54%-72% of the skunk and raccoon populations in a 60 km2 area of Toronto, Ontario. This area has been free of rabies for two-and-a-half years...

should be administered on days 3, 7 and 14. The full dose of immunoglobulin should be injected in the edges of the wound, and if this were not possible any remaining volume should be injected intramuscularly in a site distant from vaccine administration. None of the patients had side effects from the vaccine or the rabies immunoglobulin, which confirms their safety profiles. Since 1979, all cas...

The ability to successfully and consistently vaccinate foxes, dogs, and raccoons with modified live virus rabies vaccine (ERA) in the liquid form is an accomplished fact. However, methods of incorporating the vaccine virus into an acceptable bait for field distribution remains a major stumbling block to progress in the practical application of oral rabies vaccination. In addition, we have been ...

One of the methods used for controlling cattle rabies in Brazil consists of vaccination. Sometimes, however, rabies occurs in cattle supposedly protected. Since rabies vaccine batches are officially controlled by tests performed on laboratory animals, it is questionable whether the minimal mandatory requirements really correspond to immunogenicity in the target species. We have analyzed the ass...

Intradermal rabies vaccine is recommended by the World Health Organisation, but not all countries, including England, follow this recommendation. A group of 12 adults in England previously given pre-exposure intradermal rabies vaccine were considered to be non-immune to rabies because their rabies antibody titres were known to be less than 0.5 IU/mL. A cohort study examined the immunizing effec...

Our studies on rabies vaccines thus far have led us to the view that in order to develop and test vaccines, quantitative methods are necessary, and that such quantitative methods may be exploited to greatest advantage by using mice, preferably W-Swiss, as the test animal. Dogs, due to their variability and susceptibility to intercurrent infections when kept under experimental conditions, are us...

BACKGROUND Dog bites are common in developing countries including Ghana, with the victims often being children. Although some breeds of dogs have been identified as being more aggressive than others, all dog bites carry a risk of infection. Immediate and initial assessment of the risk for tetanus and rabies infection with appropriate interventions such as wound management and subsequent selecti...