The hazard of ionizing radiation from internally administered colloidal thorium dioxide (Thorotrast) has been a subject of controversy even since this medium was first employed in clinical roentgenology. Reports of neoplasia as well as diffuse hepatic fibrosis occurring in patients following Thorotrast administration have been summarized and evaluated by Thomas et al.7 Although intravenous inje...

Risk assessment comprises four steps: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. According this scheme, we have analysed the effects of UVB radiation on basal immune functions in rats and man, and the immunological resistance to infectious diseases in rats. Non-threshold mathematical methods were used in order to estimate the risk for the hu...

Operator radiation exposure is an important occupational hazard compounded over the course of an interventional radiologist's career. This study compared operator radiation dose to the eye and head for different positions around the patient. Compared with cases performed from the femoral region, exposures were 1.8 times higher at the side, and 1.6 times higher at the head, using conventional ap...

Exposure to radioactive elements or having them through drinking water causes many biological risks. Therefore, it is important to investigate the drinking water especially in regions where people depend on well water for drinking. Concentrations of some radionuclides in some water wells, in Arar city of Saudi Arabia, were measured by using Hyper Pure Germanium (HPGe) Detector. Concentrations o...

A variety of radiation hazards resulting from interventional radiology (IVR) have been reported in recent years. Particularly affected are the skin and the crystalline lens, with their high radiation sensitivity. During neurological interventions, the radiological technologist should consider decreasing radiation exposure. We found exposure projections where the exposure dose became a radiation...

Purpose To develop a predictive model and nomogram for maculopathy occurrence at 3 years after 106Ru/106Rh plaque brachytherapy in uveal melanoma. Material and methods Clinical records of patients affected by choroidal melanoma and treated with 106Ru/106Rh plaque from December 2006 to December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria were: dome-shaped melanoma, distance to the f...

The present study was carried out to determine the activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th in surface soil samples collected from twenty five different locations of Industrial Yanbu city located in western region of Saudi Arabia, using a NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the soil samples from the studied area ranged from 25.21 Bq kg t...

that the dose received by the population in these regions has now risen to roughly twice the natural background level. External irradiation of the gonads by fallout is, in Europe and North America, very much smaller, probably I or 2% of the average dose distributed in the practice of diagnostic radiology. (2) There is the risk of leukaemia or bone cancer through the ingestion and deposition of ...

A clear relationship between dose of radiation and mortality in humans is still not known because of lack of human data that would enable to determine human tolerance in total body irradiation. Human data for analysis have been primarily from radiation accidents, radiotherapy and the atomic bomb victims. A general formula that predicts mortality probability as a function of dose rate and durati...

PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of incontinence etiology on artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) device outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified 925 patients who underwent primary AUS placement from 1983 to 2011. The etiology of incontinence was categorized as radical prostatectomy alone, radical prostatectomy with radiation, benign prostate resection, and those with cryotherapy as a salvag...