Vertical distraction of the articular processes is an important sign of ligamentous disruption due to flexion injuries of the thoracolumbar spine. In addition to illustrating this finding in cross section (the "naked" facet), computed tomography in the transaxial plane allows assessment of the presence and position of fracture fragments that may encroach on the spinal canal. Image reconstructio...

BACKGROUND A cautious outlook towards neck injuries has been the norm to avoid missing cervical spine injuries. Consequently there has been an increased use of cervical spine radiography. The Canadian Cervical Spine rule was proposed to reduce unnecessary use of cervical spine radiography in alert and stable patients. Our aim was to see whether applying the Canadian Cervical Spine rule reduced ...

Laser-induced eye injuries have been reported more and more often in the past years, yet the laser is not a modern invention. Based on stimulated emission, the wavelength, energy dose and pulse duration of the laser are the determining factors for its possible hazard potential. The eye, which is the most vulnerable body part for laser radiation, can be affected. As medical treatment is discusse...

Objective: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a biological process characterized by de novo bone formation in tissues which should not undergo ossification in normal condition. Frequently, it is a complication that occurs after head injuries, spinal cord injuries, cerebrovascular events, burns, fractures, dislocations and joint replacements. Etiopathogenesis is unclear in HO. Clinical symptoms an...

Whole body exposure to low linear energy transfer (LET) ionizing radiations (IRs) damages vital intracellular bio-molecules leading to multiple cellular and tissue injuries as well as pathophysiologies such as inflammation, immunosuppression etc. Nearly 70% of damage is caused indirectly by radiolysis of intracellular water leading to formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals...

The lung tissue, exposed to x-rays of sufficient intensity, eventually show signs, like other tissues, of damage, recognizable by inflammation and subsequently by scarring. Such damage has been known since 1922 and a number of papers testify to the clinical and pathological findings associated with irradiation. Engeistad and Warren and Spencer confirm these findings in histological and experime...

BACKGROUND CT is increasingly used during the initial evaluation of blunt trauma patients. In this era of increasing cost-awareness, the pros and cons of CT have to be assessed. OBJECTIVES This study was performed to evaluate cost-consequences of different diagnostic algorithms that use thoracoabdominal CT in primary evaluation of adult patients with high-energy blunt trauma. MATERIALS AND ...

Chemical radiation protection is an important strategy to protect living beings against the deleterious effects of radiation. In the present study, the radioprotective effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Panax ginseng extract (PGR-HAE) was studied on radiation-induced deleterious alterations in Swiss albino mice. Oral administration of such extract (25 mg/kg b wt/day/animal) for 5 consecutive ...