Although ethanol ablation has been successfully used to treat cystic thyroid nodules, this procedure is less effective when the thyroid nodules are solid. Radiofrequency (RF) ablation, a newer procedure used to treat malignant liver tumors, has been valuable in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules regardless of the extent of the solid component. This article reviews the basic physics, techni...

Background: Non-invasive body contouring is one of the fastest growing fields in aesthetic medicine. Vanquish is a new, non-invasive, treatment that claims to reduce waist circumference by thermo-lysis of subcutaneous fat. Vanquish is an FDA approved device that uses selective, focus-field radiofrequency (RF) for deep tissue heating of the abdomen and flanks. To date there is no large clinical ...

Spectral intensities of quadrupolar nuclei and the radiofrequency (rf) pulse lengths for selective and non-selective excitation of any single-quantum NMR transition in the solid state are calculated. When nuclei of the same element occupy sites which experience different electric field gradients, the spectra are quantitatively reliable only when the length of the rf pulse is much smaller than n...

The radiofrequency (rf) oven can be used as a metal vapour injector for Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion sources; the application to high temperature boiling metals (like Cr, Ti and V) was recently demonstrated. Duration and reusability of oven parts were good, since only crucible needs to be maintained at a high temperature Ts. For vanadium case, achieved Ts was over 2300 K with about 280 W of...

In the context of MRI pulse sequences, the term “steady state” typically refers to the equilibrium condition that evolves when magnetization experiences a train of radiofrequency (RF) pulses. If RF pulses occur at broadly spaced intervals (TR≫T1), the magnetization recovers fully between pulses due to relaxation, and the steady-state is identical to the fully-relaxed magnetization, M0. In gener...

Treatment of tumours greater than 2 cm by radiofrequency (RF) or microwave ablation typically use multiple sequential applications, since most currently available ablation devices are limited to use of a single applicator at a time. A major focus of current ablation research is on methodologies that allow increasing the coagulation zone to more rapidly treat large tumours. The ability to use mu...

Devices using radiofrequency (RF) energy and electrical energy to deliver a controlled thermal injury to heat skin have proliferated within the nonablative skin treatment market since the introduction of Thermage in 2002. By delivering continuous monopolar RF energy, rather than pulsed heating, and repeatedly bringing the skin to therapeutic temperatures until maximal contraction is obtained, t...

Atrial flutter (AFL) is a common arrhythmia which may decrease cardiac output and may cause embolic events. Direct current (DC) cardioversion, medical cardioversion and radiofrequency (RF) ablation are therapeutic options, but over all RF ablation therapy has the longest event free period. Although development of AFL after myocardial infarction is quite common it may spontaneously recover or re...

BACKGROUND Radiofrequency ablation (RF) of atrial flutter (AFL) has a high procedural efficacy, a low recurrence rate, and reports of procedure-related pain. The aim of the present study was to compare RF with cryoablation (cryo) for the treatment of AFL, with emphasis on pain perception during application of energy. METHODS AND RESULTS Fourteen patients (55+/-11 years, 11 males) with AFL wer...

The Advisory Group on Non-ionising Radiation (AGNIR) 2012 report forms the basis of official advice on the safety of radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields in the United Kingdom and has been relied upon by health protection agencies around the world. This review describes incorrect and misleading statements from within the report, omissions and conflict of interest, which make it unsuitable...