An opamp design with outside-rail output relaxing a lowvoltage constraint on future scaled transistors is presented. The proposed opamp realizes 3-V output swing without gate-oxide stress although implemented in a 1.8-V 0.18-μm standard CMOS process. The 3-V-output operation is experimentally verified. The outside-rail output design with scaled transistors shows area advantage over un-scaled an...

Z. Popović, L. Lazarević, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia V. Radović, University of Montenegro, Faculty of Civil Engineering in Podgorica, Montenegro V. Vukadinović, Serbian Railways, Belgrade, Serbia G. Tepić, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia Rail defects due to rolling contact fatigue (RCF) threaten the traffi c saf...

Final step of rail manufacturing is cold rolling straightening process and it hassignificant effects on mechanical properties, straightness, flatness and development of residualstresses. Measurement of residual stresses after straightening process is obligated by railmanufacturing standards. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to evaluateresidual stresses after straightening ...

This paper proposes a low voltage (±0.55V supply voltage) low power (44.65µW) high common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) differential amplifier (d.a.) with rail to rail input common mode range (ICMR), constant transconductance (gm) and enhanced frequency performance. Its high performance is obtained using a simple negative averaging method so that it cancels out the common mode input signals at th...

This paper addresses the difficulty of designing 1-V capable analog circuits in standard digital complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Design techniques for facilitating 1-V operation are discussed and 1-V analog building block circuits are presented. Most of these circuits use the bulk-driving technique to circumvent the metal– oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor t...

In recent years there has been an increased effort to investigate and improve the crashworthiness of passenger rail vehicles in the United States. The structural crashworthiness requirements for new rail vehicles are changing to include specifications for crash energy management and crush zones rather than primarily specifications of vehicle and component strengths. In addition, the structural ...

Motivation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) experiments now span hundreds to thousands of samples. Current spliced alignment software is designed to analyze each sample separately. Consequently, no information is gained from analyzing multiple samples together, and it requires extra work to obtain analysis products that incorporate data from across samples. Results We describe Rail-RNA, a cloud-enabl...

The demand for safe, fast, and reliable rail services continues to be the reason for concern in all the countries across the globe. Lack of operational efficiency and reliability, safety and security issues, and aging railway systems and practices are haunting various countries to bring about a change in their existing rail infrastructure. The global rail industry struggles to meet the increasi...