The new Qinghai-Tibet railroad will run across the world’s highest permafrost region for 632 km, of which about half is high-temperature and ice-rich permafrost. Therefore, an important and challenging engineering problem is the possible instability and sensitivity of permafrost. Chinese permafrost scientists are now making efforts to solve the problem by carrying out numerous field and laborat...

This paper describes a laboratory equipped for the teaching of realtime systems. The laboratory has been built around a Digital Model Railroad Platform and it allows the development of different control applications for educational purposes. Because of the platform is a limited resource and the students can not test their programs simultaneously, a railroad platform simulator has been developed...

We conducted a carcass census of Mongolian gazelles (Procapra gutturosa) along the Trans-Mongolian railroad in June 2005. We counted 241 gazelles that had died within the previous 12 months. Carcass numbers were greater on the southwestern side in the northern 3 zones, but we found carcasses only on the northeastern side in the southernmost zone. It suggests that impact of the railroad was stro...

Systems are getting more and more complex and usually involve many stakeholders. Stakeholders are concerned by different aspects of the system, potentially supported by multiple Domain Specific Modeling Languages (DSMLs). The DSMLs are usually different not only in their syntax but also in their behavioral semantics. In order to provide simulation and/or verification of the overall system, it i...

nowadays deep excavations are needed for construction of foundation of high rise buildings, providing space for parking and etc. in some cases deep excavations may be constructed in the vicinity of the subway tunnels and causes unpredicted extra displacements and internal forces in tunnel lining of tunnels which were not designed for them and consequently affect serviceability of tunnel. theref...

the construction of underground tunnel plays a more and more important role in the development of big cities. one of the most important problems caused by the construction of the tunnel is that underground excavation will cause large settlement of the ground and buildings. previous studied showed the difference between numerical and experimental results. in this study the case study of niyayesh...

Modern technology has been used to build tunnels in recent years by means of drilling machines (TBM) that were used for civil engineering work in large cities to reduce the harmful effects of spending on the surface of the earth significantly. To build the tunnel, numerical modeling was used on the basis of the finite element method to predict stress behavior during the tunnel construction proc...