Free space optics (FSO) uses air as a transmission medium and is significantly affected by the various weather conditions such as haze, rain, fog, snow, wind, etc. In this paper, the behaviour of 16 × 2.5Gb/s FSO system under the effect of the most critical weather conditions using RZ format has been investigated. The operating channel frequencies range from 193.4THz to 189.7THz with the freque...

Rain Induced attenuation over a terrestrial link operating at 28.75 GHz was measured during the period of Feb., 04 to Jan., 05. at Amritsar ( 31036’ N 740 52’ E) . The paper presents the results in the form of a proposed empirical formula. The experimental results have been measured with those predicted by ITU-R. It is observed that there is a significant difference between the attenuation leve...

We analyze free-space optical links employing imaging receivers in the presence of misalignment and atmospheric effects, such as haze, fog or rain. We present a detailed propagation model based on the radiative transfer equation. We also compare the relative importance of two mechanisms by which these effects degrade link performance: signal attenuation and image blooming. We show that image bl...

To improve the current 2A12 rain retrieval algorithm (Kummerow et al. 2001) over land, it is important to evaluate the anomalies in the retrieved product. However, it is difficult to quantify these anomalies globally because there is no single rainfall product that can represent the ground truth. Products from rain gauges have reliable estimation of rainfall only over areas with dense rain gaug...

*Correspondence to: Ting Ma, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. †E-mail: [email protected] SUMMARY Video transmissions over satellite links are sensitive to signal fades due to rain, especially in the tropics. We performed a video streaming experiment over a satellite link for 24 days distributed over one year to investigate the eff...

This study presents an analysis of 195 rainfall events gathered with the X-band weather radar SOLIDAR and a tipping bucket rain gauge network near Delft, The Netherlands, between May 1993 and April 1994. The aim of this paper is to present a thorough analysis of a climatological dataset using a high spatial (120 m) and temporal (16 s) resolution X-band radar. This makes it a study of the potent...

Abstract The High-Altitude Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HIWRAP) dual-frequency conically scanning airborne radar provides estimates of the range-profiled mean Doppler backscattered power from precipitation surface. A velocity–azimuth display analysis yields near-surface horizontal wind vector υ h in cases which is present throughout scan. From surface return, normalized cross sectio...

This paper presents the bit error rate (BER) upper bounds for trellis coded asymmetric 8PSK (TC-A8PSK) system using the Ka-band satellite in the rain fading environment. The probability density function (PDF) for the rain fading random variable can be theoretically derived by assuming that the rain attenuation can be approximated to a log-normal distribution and the rain fading parameters are c...

The Relationship between rain attenuation and depolarization at frequencies above 10GHz is useful for designing high-speed out-door wireless systems, such as satellite communication, millimeter FWA(Fixed Wireless Access) system and so on. Due to rapid growth of and strong demand for high speed communication, usage of millimeter wave bands in wireless system becomes in reality. The objective of ...