Policy-makers and analysts are often concerned with the effect of tariff reductions, as part of trade liberalisation, on the volume of imports, and in particular adverse effects on domestic import-competing sectors. While there is limited evidence at an aggregate country level that imports increase following trade liberalisation, there is very little empirical evidence at a sector level. In the...

This research measured the welfare impacts of food trade liberalization in India, Egypt, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates (UAE) using partial equilibrium model—World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS). Macroeconomic settings, domestic policy objectives, security indicator data are used to assess implications simulations on availability stability. Simulation results for Pakistan in...

Plaintiff instituted an action under the Federal Employers' Liability Act,' alleging that defendant was negligent in that it "should have known of the [defective mechanism and] . . . failed to make proper repairs." 2 The plaintiff at no time explicitly mentioned the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur; the defendant limited its defense to the question of damages. The district court instructed the jur...

It is evidence that the demand for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) connections increases day by day in all European countries as much as worldwide and it is well known that Internet’s penetration is considerably amazing. At the same time, due to the fierce competition among ADSL connections providers, several packages are offered in attractive tariffs. As a product consists of various...

In our paper on "Revenue Seeking: A Generalization of the Theory of Tariffs" (1980), we extended the theory of tariffs to include revenue seeking. We also compared tariffs with quotas, under seeking activities associated with the revenues from the former and with the rents (i.e., license premia) from the latter. We argued, among other propositions, that: (1) Revenue seeking was a zero-output ac...

Public finance experts have long explored the issue of income taxes making the cost of market transactions higher than nonmarket ones. A 50 percent income tax, for example, requires $20,000 in income to purchase $10,000 of market goods. The tax can be avoided, however, if the same goods can be produced at home. The upshot is that income taxes encourage the home production of goods and services ...

In this paper, we study the pricing of Internet services under monopoly and duopoly environments using a game-theoretic model in which a service provider and users all try to maximize their payoffs. First, we compare a few popular pricing schemes, including flat, volume-based, two-part and nonlinear tariffs with respect to revenue, social welfare and user surplus. We perform a sensitivity study...