Despite the recent and rapid expansion of supermarkets in developing countries, their association with diet quality has been hardly studied. The study took place in Tunisia, where incidences of obesity and nutrition-related diseases are rising. The target population was households of the Greater Tunis area where supermarkets are mostly located. Households (n = 724) were selected by a 2-stage cl...

Background Malnutrition is part of a vicious cycle involving underlying factors related to biological and social aspects (WHO 1995). Some factors—known as proximal factors—are directly associated with malnutrition, such as inadequate dietary intake and incidences of disease, while others are more distant but no less important. These are socio-economic in nature and are associated with children’...

Article history: Received 7 February 2013 Accepted 15 October 2013 Available online 4 November 2013 Submitted by S. Kirkland

We present exact results for the delta peak at zero energy in the spectral density of the random graph incidence matrix model as a function of the average connectivity. We give an analytic expression for the height of this peak, and a detailed description of the localized eigenvectors. Their total contribution to the peak is given. This allows to study analytically a delocalization and a reloca...

Recent study has shown that the energy gain of a solar panel will be significantly influenced by the incidence angle of the sun radiation. The main goal of this paper is to present a sensor-based sun-tracking system. First, we design a sensing tower for measuring the direction of sun radiation. Then we design a sun-tracking algorithm, which adopts an iterative process to identify the direction ...

Treating protons as de Broglie waves shows that up to a few MeV energies protons experience total external reflection using the index of refraction concept for the target earlier applied to electrons. Angular scattering distributions can be explained by random surface scattering as known for X-rays. Applied to the Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray telescopes the calculated reflection efficiencies ca...

The effect of energetic Xenon ion bombardment on the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) reflectivity performance of mirrors is of vital importance for the performance of dischargeand laserproduced plasma extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) sources. To study these effects, we measured absolute and relative reflectivities at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Interaction of Mate...

This paper studies how increases in energy input costs for production are split between consumers and producers via changes in product prices (i.e., pass-through). We show that in markets characterized by imperfect competition, marginal cost pass-through, a demand elasticity, and a price-cost markup are sufficient to characterize the relative change in welfare between producers and consumers du...