this paper investigates the multiplicative spread spectrum watermarking method for the image. the information bit is spreaded into middle-frequency discrete cosine transform (dct) coefficients of each block of an image using a generated pseudo-random sequence. unlike the conventional signal modeling, we suppose that both signal and noise are distributed with laplacian distribution, because the ...

given a graph $g$, let $g^sigma$ be an oriented graph of $g$ with the orientation $sigma$ and skew-adjacency matrix $s(g^sigma)$. then the spectrum of $s(g^sigma)$ consisting of all the eigenvalues of $s(g^sigma)$ is called the skew-spectrum of $g^sigma$, denoted by $sp(g^sigma)$. the skew energy of the oriented graph $g^sigma$, denoted by $mathcal{e}_s(g^sigma)$, is defined as the sum of the n...

background and objective: to evaluate extended spectrum betalactamase (esbl) positive strains of klebsiella pneumonia and escherichia coli in positive bacterial cultures. materials and methods: in this analytical cross-sectional study, between march 2006 and march 2007, 170 bacterial isolates including 133 cases of e. coli and 37cases of k. pneumonia were examined. all cases underwent double di...

by application of design spectra in seismic analyses, determination of design spectra for different site conditions, magnitudes, safety levels and damping ratios will improve the accuracy of seismic analysis results. the result of this research provides different design acceleration spectra based on iran earthquakes database for different conditions. for this purpose first a set of 146 records ...

objective: the present study was conducted to detect possible chemicals (phytoconstituents), prove ethno-medicinal value of the plant, and investigate antimicrobial, anthelmintic, and total phenolic content of crude methanolic extract of the solanum violaceum plant.  materials and methods: phytochemical screening was carried out using different chemical group test methods. in anthelmintic activ...

introduction: foot insoles are widely recommended to prevent running related to injuries. however, their effects on the frequency of ground reaction force(grf) is still unclear. the purpose of this study was to elemental test the effect of four shoe insoles on frequency of grf during stance phase of running. materials and methods: 15 female students (mean age22±1/85 year, height162±4/71cm and w...

conclusions the high prevalence of quinolone resistance genes, which indicates antibiotic resistance, in the imam reza hospital of mashhad is a major concern. hence, the antibiotics prescription policy should be revised, and infection control measures should be improved. results eighty-six (43%) isolates were ciprofloxacin-resistant. the pct identified 85 (42.5%) of 200 e. coli isolates as esbl...

introduction: bipolar spectrum disorders include a variety of mood disorders from bipolar ii disorder to conditions characterized by hyperthymic mood states. it has been suggested that psychosocial factors also play an important role in bipolar disorders, in this study we have used social network analysis in order to better understand the social positions of those affected by bipolar spectrum d...

conclusions the levels of resistance to ceftazidime were remarkably variable among ctx-mproducers. this study provides further evidences of the global dissemination of ctx-m type esbls and emphasized on the need for their epidemiological monitoring. results in phenotypic confirmatory test, 154 (44%) out of 350 clinical isolates were esbl positive. using molecular assay, 154 strains potentially ...

In this paper, we first derive some results by using the Gelfand spectrum and spectrum in FLM algebras. Then, the characterizations of multiplicative linear mappings are also discussed in these algebras.