The lattice location of rare earth Er in single-crystalline hexagonal ZnO was studied by means of the emission channeling technique. Following 60-keV room-temperature implantation of the precursor isotope Tm at doses of 1.3−2.8×10 cm and annealing up to 900°C, the angular distribution of conversion electrons emitted by the radioactive isotope Er was measured by a position-sensitive electron det...

For the past three decades, most attention in heavy metal toxicology has been paid to cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, nickel, vanadium, and tin because these metals widely polluted the environment. However, with the development of new materials in the last decade, the need for toxicological studies on those new materials has been increasing. A group of rare earths (RE) is a good example. Alth...

Because of their unique physical and chemical properties, Rare earth elements (REEs) perform important functions in our everyday lives, with use in a range of products. Recently, the study of China’s rare earth elements production has become a hot topic of worldwide interest, because of its dominant position in global rare earth elements supply, and an increasing demand for rare earth elements ...