Superparasitism in solitary parasitoids results in fatal competition between the immature parasitoids, and consequently only one individual can emerge. In the semisolitary ovicidal parasitoid Echthrodelphax fairchildii (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae), 2 adults can emerge under superparasitism with a short interval (<24 h) between the first and second ovipositions. We determined the female parasitoid's...

The vasotocin level in the blood of hens during oviposition was determined on the isolated bladder of the frog, Rana esculenta. It was found that 10 min before oviposition, the vasotocin level in blood sudden¬ ly increased. During oviposition, it was forty-six times higher (P<0-01) than that in hens with no egg in the uterus. After oviposition, the activity of vasotocin in the blood rapidly dec...

BACKGROUND Natural insecticides against the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti have been the object of research due to their high level of eco-safety. The water-soluble Moringa oleifera lectin (WSMoL) is a larvicidal agent against A. aegypti. This work reports the effects of WSMoL on oviposition and egg hatching of A. aegypti. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS WSMoL crude preparations (seed extract a...

Secondary metabolites produced by Trichoderma viride, a deuteromycetes fungus, under submerged culture condition were formulated and evaluated for oviposition attractancy against gravid females of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito. At a concentration of 10 g ml-1 the formulation showed remarkable attractancy with an oviposition active index (OAI) of +0.52. When the oviposition attractancy of the...

The present study was performed to elucidate whether mesotocin (MT), one of avian neurohypophysial hormones, relates to the action of arginine vasotocin (AVT) on oviposition of hens. The ratio of AVT-induced oviposition was increased when 1 microg/hen of MT was injected together with AVT. An intravenous injection of 1 microg/hen of MT caused an increase in the binding affinity of the uterine AV...

making capital and investment is the main driving forces of economic development. based on the investment sensitivity to the changes of some of macro-economic variables and risk and uncertainty, the present study evaluated the effective factors on investment in private sector in iran during 1980-2007. at first, the uncertainty variables of real informal exchange rate, nominal interest rate and ...

Bovine blood inoculated with bacteria isolated from screwworm [Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)]-infested animal wounds was tested as an attractant for oviposition for gravid screwworms. Eight species of gram-negative coliform (Enterobacteriaceae) bacteria mixed with bovine blood singly or all species combined and incubated for various times produced volatiles that at...

Th e preference–performance hypothesis predicts that when female herbivorous insects determine where to position off spring of low mobility, they will select sites that maximize development and survival of those off spring. How this critical relationship responds to variation in climatic and habitat conditions remains untested, however, despite its important consequences for population and evol...