The metabolic and temperature response to mild cold were investigated in summer and winter in a moderate oceanic climate. Subjects were 10 women and 10 men, aged 19-36 years and BMI 17-32 kg/m2. Metabolic rate (MR) and body temperatures were measured continuously in a climate chamber with an ambient temperature of 22 degrees C for 1 h and subsequently 3 h of 15 degrees C. The average metabolic ...

a total of 38, 300 traffic collisions have occurred in tehran, the capital of iran, during 1973. 5, 655 of these collisions in 6, 700 injuries and 560 deaths are selected and discussed. there has been no difference between the accident rates in working and holidays. winter has had the lowest rate, and accidents have been in direct relationship with the crowdedness and heavy traffic periods. nin...

Jason P Bentley, Jane B Ford, Lee K Taylor, Katie A Irvine, and Christine L Roberts * 1 Clinical and Population Perinatal Health Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 2 Centre for Epidemiology and Research, NSW Ministry of Health, Sydney, Australia 3 Centre for Health Record Linkage, Cancer Institute, Sydney, Australia * ...

The Binary State Speciation and Extinction (BiSSE) model is a branching process based model that allows the diversification rates to be controlled by a binary trait. We develop a general approach, based on the BiSSE model, for predicting pathogenicity in bacterial populations from microsatellites profiling data. A comprehensive approach for predicting pathogenicity in E. coli populations is pro...

Phylogenetic and phylogeographic approaches have become widespread in evolutionary biology, ecology, and biogeography. However, analyses that incorporate inferences from historical biogeography (e.g. timing of colonization of a region) may be essential to answer the most important large-scale questions in these fields, but they remain infrequently used. I focus on two examples here. First, I ar...

Effects on motor vehicle crash involvement of raising the legal drinking age in Texas from 18 to 19 were examined, using an interrupted time-series design. Rates of single-vehicle-nighttime (SVN) and non-SVN crashes per 100,000 licensed drivers from 1978 through 1984 were examined for three levels of crash severity (serious injury, minor injury, property damage only) and four age groups (16-17,...

This paper presents a simple model of wage bargaining and employment ows designed to address the e ects of policies to increase the rate of exit to employment of the long-term unemployed. Exit rates from long and short-term unemployment have two e ects on the unemployment rate: a positive one as high exit rates strengthen current employees' bargaining positions and thus wages and a negative one...

There is widespread concern regarding the effects of agro-chemical exposure on bee health, of which neonicotinoids, systemic insecticides detected in the pollen and nectar of both crops and wildflowers, have been the most strongly debated. The majority of studies examining the effect of neonicotinoids on bees have focussed on social species, namely honey bees and bumble bees. However, most bee ...

Recent studies have shown that the metabolic cost of avian egg production involves a 16-27% increase in metabolic rate (MR) above non-reproductive basal or resting values (BMR and RMR, respectively). To determine how the metabolic cost of egg production interacted with the costs of other essential processes (such as cold acclimation and active heat production), we measured the MR of non-breedin...

In this paper, we consider the problem of document ranking in a non-traditional retrieval task, called subtopic retrieval. This task involves promoting relevant documents that cover many subtopics of a query at early ranks, providing thus diversity within the ranking. In the past years, several approaches have been proposed to diversify retrieval results. These approaches can be classified into...