In the contexts of automated reasoning (AR) and formal verification (FV), important decision problems are effectively encoded into Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT). In the last decade, efficient SMT solvers have been developed for several theories of practical interest (e.g., linear arithmetic, arrays, bit-vectors). Surprisingly, little work has been done to extend SMT to deal with optimiza...

We propose a causal Bayesian model of false belief reasoning in children. This model realizes theory of mind as the rational use of intuitive theories and supports causal prediction, explanation, and theory revision. The model undergoes an experience-driven false belief transition. We investigate the relationship between prediction, explanation, and surprise; this is used to interpret an empiri...

As the social sciences deal with macrophenomena which are caused by individual human actions, they have to use a theory of human behaviour. They use basically three types of theory: the rational-utilitarian theory, the causalist theory which sees behaviour as caused by social, cultural or biological forces, and the «rational psychology» in Nisbet’s sense. The three theories are important in the...

When people's behavior in laboratory tasks systematically deviates from a rational model, the implication is that real-world performance could be improved by changing the behavior. However, recent studies suggest that behavioral violations of rational models are at least sometimes the result of strategies that are well adapted to the real world (and not necessarily to the laboratory task). Thus...

Article history: Received October 1, 2011 Received in Revised form November, 14, 2011 Accepted 15 February 2012 Available online 29 February 2012 The aim of this paper is to explore the determinants of Portfolio Choice under the investors, professionals and academics’ perception. We introduce an approach based on cognitive mapping technique with a series of semi-directive interviews. Among a sa...

The aim of this talk is to describe a possible understanding of the quantum symmetry of two-dimensional (D = 2) rational quantum field theories (or D = 1 chiral rational conformal field theories). We start by briefly sketching the operator-algebraic approach to relativistic quantum field theory (for a review, see for example [1,2]) and in particular the Doplicher--Haag--Roberts program for the ...

We study conformal field theories for strings propagating on compact, seven-dimensional manifolds with G 2 holonomy. In particular, we describe the construction of rational examples of such models. We argue that analogues of Gepner models are to be constructed based not on N = 1 minimal models, but on Z 2 orbifolds of N = 2 models. In Z 2 orbifolds of Gepner models times a circle, it turns out ...

There are few topics that are more important than risk and rational decision making, as the contributions to this special issue attest. If we contemplate the risks and consequences of smoking, substance use, reckless driving, violent crime, and unprotected sex, we cannot help but conjure up an image of the stereotypical, irrational risk taker: the adolescent. Statistics confirm that adolescents...

We introduce a general method in order to construct the non-chiral fusion rules which determine the operator content of the operator product algebra for rational conformal field theories. We are particularly interested in the models of the complementary D−like solutions of the modular invariant partition functions with cyclic center ZN . We find that the non-chiral fusion rules have a ZN−gradin...