Changes in gene expression and regulation--due in particular to the evolution of cis-regulatory DNA sequences--may underlie many evolutionary changes in phenotypes, yet little is known about the distribution of such variation in populations. We present in this study the first survey of experimentally validated functional cis-regulatory polymorphism. These data are derived from more than 140 pol...

We investigated the acquisition of plant materials from which Nigerian chimpanzees manufacture wooden tools to harvest insects and honey from nests of army ants, honey bees and stingless bees. Slender trunks of juvenile trees and branches are most commonly used, and bendable vines rarely, probably reflecting the need to work with relatively sturdy tools to extract resources. While several tools...

It is urgent to advance the discussion on the guidelines that Brazil should adopt to diversify energy sources in order to reduce dependency and promote the replacement of fossil fuels. This is one of the main ways to reduce the already deleterious negative impact that human activities are causing to the environment. This agenda includes the development of technologies for the expansion of sugar...

Due to their lower environmental impact, ease of accessibility, low cost, and biodegradability, bio-renewable sources have been used extensively in the last several decades synthesize adhesives, substituting petrochemical-based adhesive. Vegetable oils (including palm, castor, jatropha, soybean oils), lactic acid, potato starch, other are all excellent for synthesis adhesives that being taken i...