The advent of newer, brighter, and more coherent X-ray sources, such as X-ray Free-Electron Lasers (XFELs), represents a tremendous growth in the potential to apply coherent X-rays to determine the structure of materials from the micron-scale down to the Angstrom-scale. There is a significant need for a multi-physics simulation framework to perform source-to-detector simulations for a single pa...

Time-resolved X-ray crystallography and solution scattering have been successfully conducted on proteins on time-scales down to around 100 ps, set by the duration of the hard X-ray pulses emitted by synchrotron sources. The advent of hard X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs), which emit extremely intense, very brief, coherent X-ray pulses, opens the exciting possibility of time-resolved experiment...

The relevance of nano sized structures and interfaces in upcoming technologies requires new non-destructive Xray techniques exploiting attenuation as well as scattering. In the course of driving the resolution and the contrast of modern radiography into micro and nano metre dimension the inevitable scattering effects require increased attention. Several radiologists interpret the observed edge ...

The random intensity distribution observed due to the propagation of a coherent beam light through scattering medium is known as speckle pattern. interaction speckles with birefringent crystal, here, YVO4 results in e-ray and o-ray speckles. It that experience an angular shift rotation crystal depends on angle crystal. also found rate different for speckles, independent topological charge incid...

The spin periods of the neutron stars in most Low Mass X-ray Binary (LMXB) systems still remain undetected. One of the models to explain the absence of coherent pulsations has been the suppression of the beamed signal by Compton scattering of X-ray photons by electrons in a surrounding corona. We point out that simultaneously with wiping out the pulsation signal, such a corona will upscatter (p...

We present the promise of generating gigawatt mode-locked multichromatic x-rays in a seeded free electron laser (FEL). We show that by using a laser to imprint periodic modulation in electron beam phase space, a single-frequency coherent seed can be amplified and further translated to a modelocked multichromatic output in an FEL. With this configuration the FEL output consists of a train of mod...

In 1912, Max von Laue and collaborators first observed diffraction spots from a millimeter-sized crystal of copper sulfate using an Xray tube. Crystallography was born of this experiment, and since then, diffraction by both X-rays and electrons has revealed a myriad of inorganic and organic structures, including structures of complex protein assemblies. Advancements in X-ray sources have spurre...

Coherent x-ray diffraction microscopy is a method of imaging nonperiodic isolated objects at resolutions limited, in principle, by only the wavelength and largest scattering angles recorded. We demonstrate x-ray diffraction imaging with high resolution in all three dimensions, as determined by a quantitative analysis of the reconstructed volume images. These images are retrieved from the three-...

The Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free-Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL) is a recently commissioned X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facility that provides intense ultrashort X-ray pulses based on the self-amplified spontaneous emission process. The nano-crystallography and coherent imaging (NCI) hutch with forward-scattering geometry is located at the hard X-ray beamline of the PAL-XFEL and prov...

X-ray free-electron lasers generate intense femtosecond X-ray pulses, so that high-resolution structure determination becomes feasible from noncrystalline samples, such as single particles or single molecules. At the moment, the orientation of sample particles cannot be precisely controlled, and consequently the unknown orientation needs to be recovered using computational algorithms. This dela...