Real-time PCR is the state-of-the-art technique to quantify nucleic acids for mutation detection, genotyping and chimerism analysis. Since its development in the 1990s, many different assay formats have been developed and the number of real-time PCR machines of different design is continuously increasing. This review provides a survey of the instruments and assay formats available and discusses...

objectives the cause of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) as a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease is still unknown. it appears that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in its pathogenesis. recent studies reveal that in addition to the cns, immune cells synthesis neurotransmitters so that these catecholamines can regulate immune functions. the aim of this study is to evaluate the dop...

background and aims: influenza a virus infects birds and some mammalian including human. h1 and h3 subtypes are circulated in both human and birds’ population. to determine the prevalence of the mentioned subtypes in birds, different captive bird species in tehran zoo, and affiliated centers in tehran were investigated for virus infection. methods: in this study, between november 2008 and febru...

methods allplex gi-virus assay was developed to detect pathogens causing viral gastroenteritis, one of the major diseases caused by rna viruses. this one-step multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based on the mudt technique permits simultaneous amplification and detection of target nucleic acids of norovirus gi, norovirus gii, rotavirus a, adenovirus f, astrovirus, and sapovirus ...

in recent research on modelling road collisions very little attention has been paid  to rear-end chain reaction collisions, which is characterized by more than two vehicles involved in a collision at the same time. the core aim of the present research is to develop a methodology to estimate such potential collision probabilities based on a proactive perspective, where deceleration rate to avoid...

background and objectives: hbv dna monitoring is important in management of chronic viral hepatitis b infection. hbv dna measurements are carried out over period of months to years. so the analytical system must be stable and reproducible. the aim of this study was to determine the performance characteristics and to plan a statistical quality control system of a laboratory-developed real-time q...