Wetland reclamation has occurred under diverse geographic and socio-political conditions. A single event however, forms only one step in the evolution of what we refer to as landscapes. This paper assesses how interacting physical geographical, cultural biological processes shape landscape diachronically. Using a triangular model, compare two wetland landscapes: Pontine marshes central Italy, r...

The article examines the detailed spatial and temporal distributions of coastal reclamation in the northwest coast of Bohai Bay experiencing rapid coastal reclamation in China from 1974 to 2010 in annual intervals. Moreover, soil elements properties and spatial distribution in reclaimed area and inform the future coastal ecosystems management was also analyzed. The results shows that 910.7 km2 ...

This paper focuses on automated extraction and monitoring of coastlines by remote sensing techniques using multi-temporal Landsat imagery along Caofeidian, China. Caofeidian, as one of the active economic regions in China, has experienced dramatic change due to enhanced human activities, such as land reclamation. These processes have caused morphological changes of the Caofeidian shoreline. In ...

CROXTON, W. C. 1928 Revegetation of Illinois coal stripped lands. Ecology, 9, 155-175. HEADLEE, A. J. W. 1955 Characteristics of minable coals of West Virginia. West Virginia Geological Survey, Pt. VI, The structure of bituminous coals, 13(A) 123-149. KOHNKE, H. 1950 The reclamation of coal mine spoils. Advances in Agron., 2, 317-349. PATERSON, D. D. 1939 Statistical technique in agricultural r...

Land cover changes significantly influence vegetation greenness in different regions. Dense Landsat time series stacks provide unique opportunity to analyze land cover change and vegetation greenness trends at finer spatial scale. In the past three decades, large reclamation activities have greatly changed land cover and vegetation growth of coastal areas. However, rarely has research investiga...

To explore the differences in carbon emissions over the whole life-cycle of different building structures, the published calculated carbon emissions from residential buildings in China and abroad were normalized. Embodied carbon emission flows, operations stage carbon emission flows, demolition and reclamation stage carbon emission flows and total life-cycle carbon emission flows from concrete,...

We survey basic garbage collection algorithms and variations such as incremental and gen erational collection The basic algorithms include reference counting mark sweep mark compact copy ing and treadmill collection Incremental techniques can keep garbage collection pause times short by interleaving small amounts of collection work with program execution Generational schemes improve e ciency an...

–Sand is not only a precious mineral but also protecting the environment, buffer against strong tidal waves and storm, habitat for crustacean species and marine organisms, used for making concrete, filling roads, building sites, brick-making, making glass, sandpapers, reclamations, and in our tourism industry in beach attractions. Sand mining is the process of removal of sand and gravel where t...

[1] Surface mining of coal and subsequent reclamation represent the dominant land use change in the central Appalachian Plateau (CAP) region of the United States. Hydrologic impacts of surface mining have been studied at the plot scale, but effects at broader scales have not been explored adequately. Broad-scale classification of reclaimed sites is difficult because standing vegetation makes th...