More and more solid-state magnetic field sensors such as Hall devices are used in eddy current inspection (EC) to acquire magnetic field signals. This work extends the previous analytical model, i.e. 2D Extended Truncated Region Eigenfunction Expansion (ETREE) of EC, and focuses on establishment of 3D ETREE of multi-frequency eddy current inspection (MFEC) on stratified conductors, while taking...

was used to deliver rectangular pulses for extracellular field stimulation of individual heart cells. We found that single frog and guinea pig ventricular myocytes are excitable with rectangular pulse field stimulation over a wide range of pulse durations, ranging from 10 msec to as little as 20 ,usec. The excitation field strength varies inversely with pulse duration as described by the Weiss-...

rapid thermal processing (rtp) has become a key technology for semiconductor device manufacturing in a variety of applications, such as thermal oxidation, annealing, and thin-film growth. hence, understanding the radiative properties of silicon and other relevant materials is essential for the analysis of the thermal transport processes. we have analyzed and calculated the spectral, directional...

in this paper, a rectangular sandwich plate with a constrained layer and an electrorheological (er) fluid core is investigated. the rectangular plate is covered an er fluid core and a constraining layer to improve the stability of the system. the two outer layers of the sandwich structure are elastic. the viscoelastic materials express the middle layer behavior under electric field and small st...

A systematic formalism for quantum electrodynamics in a classical uniform magnetic field is discussed. The first order radiative correction to the ground state energy of an electron is calculated. This then leads to the anomalous magnetic moment of an electron without divergent integrals. Thorough analyses of this problem are given for the weak magnetic field limit. A new expression for the rad...

Climate model dynamics are driven by external and internal forcing. The primary forces affecting the thermal field are long wave radiative (LWR) heating, short wave radiative (SWR) heating, and convection (cumulus, etc.). These forcing effects are cycled through the thermal field to the motion field by nonlinear transfer. The model dependent variables, in particular temperature (T), moisture (Q...

The paper is devoted to analytical studies of the influence of horizontal inhomogeneity of clouds on their radiative properties in the framework of the asymptotic radiative transfer theory. It is assumed that a cloud field is optically thick. Thus, only overcast cloud fields are under consideration. The study is based on the independent column approximation, assuming Gamma distribution of cloud...

Guiding characteristics along with field distributions for different modes in a rectangular waveguide are numerically estimated using HFSS software when it is placed in free space. A comparative analysis is made for propagation constant, guided wavelength and characteristic impedance at C, X and Ku band to observe the deviation from well-known theoretical profiles. Strength of electric and magn...

the main driving force of the earth atmospheric system is solar radiation. radiation flux determines the surface temperature and impacts life on the earth through photosynthesis. a quantitative knowledge of the earth radiation field is important to evaluate the atmosphere–surface interactions and the global hydrological cycle. various atmospheric radiative transfer models have been proposed in ...