Certain miscarriages result from immunologic factors, but there is no clear identification of the precise causes recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Miscarriages and RPL can arise a disruption maternal–fetal immune homeostasis. Remodeling maternal uterine spiral arteries one key steps for normal growth development fetus. An adequate oxygen supply necessary correct placentation, it accomplished by p...

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as 3 or more consecutive pregnancy losses prior to 20 th week of gestation. The prevalence of recurrent pregnancy loss is 1% to 3% of pregnancies. RPL is a challenging medical problem because of its unknown pathogenesis and etiology in most of the cases. Environmental contaminant may adversely affect the human reproductive health includes heavy metals, ...

AIM To determine the frequency of hypothyroidism in women with recurrent pregnancy loss in first trimester in the Indian population. SETTINGS AND DESIGN The study included 163 non-pregnant women with recurrent pregnancy loss in a gestational age up to <or=12 weeks verified by a pregnancy test or ultrasonography, and a total of 170 age matched women with at least one successful pregnancy and n...