Prospective clinical research is given the greatest weight in evidence-based clinical practice recommendations, and therefore has the greatest potential to change care and help the largest number of patients. This article briefly describes the history of government regulation of prospective clinical research, how a prospective clinical research project is developed, and how the researcher seeks...

In 2009, gluten-free foods were not only "hot" in the marketplace, several countries, including the United States, continued efforts to define gluten-free and appropriate labeling parameters. The regulatory process illuminates how difficult regulations based on safe scientific thresholds can be for regulators, manufacturers and consumers. This article analyzes the gluten-free regulatory landsca...

The Right to Build is defined by textual elements that determine what an owner can build on a parcel. Such regulations contain elements that can influence the development of territories. Expressed through legal texts, their effects on the territory are difficult to assess because of the documents’ complexity and of the diversity of urban configurations. In this paper, we present a generic and e...

information dissemination throughout the society is carried out by a phenomenon called news. this phenomenon is in relation to various social institutions as well as different aspects of people’s lives. in the present article, the writers believe that, firstly, the phenomenon of news, despite the operations carried out to disseminate and present it, has material value and that its economic valu...

This article is the third in a series of discussions on the major activities of the American Osteopathic Association's Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation (COCA), which is recognized by the US Secretary of Education as the only accrediting agency for predoctoral osteopathic medical education in the United States. The 2008 article outlined the process that an educational institution ...

background:   measuring content validity of instruments are important. this type of validity can help to ensure construct validity and give confidence to the readers and researchers about instruments. content validity refers to the degree that the instrument covers the content that it is supposed to measure. for content validity two judgments are necessary: the measurable extent of each item fo...

This feature explores the operation of individual markets. Patterns of behavior in markets for specific goods and services offer lessons about the determinants and effects of supply and demand, market structure, strategic behavior, and government regulation. Suggestions for future columns and comments on past ones should be sent electronically to James R. Hines Jr., Professor of Economics, Univ...

Investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) continues to plague health-oriented government regulation. This is particularly reflected in recent challenges to tobacco control measures through bilateral investment agreements. There are numerous reform proposals circulating within the public health community. However, I suggest that perhaps it is time for the community to explore a stronger position ...